Images Dated 13th August 2002

Lych Gate

Entrance to churchyard of the Church of All Saints, Aylesbury Vale. IoE 42690

© Peter Carter Source: Images of England

Brick, Buckingham Shire, Entrance, Gate, Listed, Religious, Timber, Tree, Victorian, Wall

Rows of PCR systems copying human DNA

Human genome research. Rows of GeneAmp polymerase chain reaction (PCR) systems copying human DNA at the Joint Genome Institute (JGI). The JGI is part of the international Human Genome Project (HUGO) that aims to map the whole human genome, the three billion base pairs that form the genetic code of human DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), by 2003. PCR produces exact copies of DNA fragments, as polyme- rase enzymes make single DNA strands synthesize mirror copies of themselves. Repeating the process produces vast numbers of cloned fragments for analysis. The JGI, in Walnut Creek, California, is a collaboration between three of the US Department of Energy's National Laboratories

© DAVID PARKER/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY

Black hole spectrum, X-ray image

Black hole spectrum. Coloured Chandra telescope X- ray spectrum of the black hole binary system XTE J1118+480. The spectrum (narrow line, top left to bottom right) shows the X-ray energies emitted by the system. The highest energy emissions are nearest to the centre of the spectrum. This system is thought to be composed of a Sun-like star orbiting a black hole (a star that has collapsed under its own gravity). The spectrum was measured by Chandra's Low-energy X-ray Transmission Grating (LETG), which collects the system's X-rays and then changes their direction by different amounts according to their energies

© CHANDRA X-RAY OBSERVATORY/NASA/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY