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Cenozoic Collection (page 2)

The Cenozoic era, spanning from 66 million years ago to the present day, holds a treasure trove of fascinating fossils that provide glimpses into Earth's ancient past

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Eurohippus horse ancestor, artwork C018 / 8575

Eurohippus horse ancestor, artwork C018 / 8575
Eurohippus horse ancestor. Artwork of equid ungulates of the genus Eurohippus, huddling in a forest 42 million years ago in what is today France

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Doedicurus mammals, artwork C018 / 8574

Doedicurus mammals, artwork C018 / 8574
Doedicurus mammals. Artwork of prehistoric glyptodonts of the genus Doedicurus grazing on grassy plains 25, 000 years ago in what is today South America

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Moeritherium mammals, artwork C018 / 8570

Moeritherium mammals, artwork C018 / 8570
Moeritherium mammals. Artwork of proboscideans of the genus Moeritherium, wallowing in a swamp 36 million years ago in what is today North Africa

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Eurohippus and modern horse, artwork C018 / 8576

Eurohippus and modern horse, artwork C018 / 8576
Eurohippus and modern horse. Artwork comparing two mature Eurohippus (lower left) from 42 million years ago to an adult modern horse (Equus ferus caballus)

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Sharks tooth fossil

Sharks tooth fossil
Sharks (Oxyrhina sp.) tooth fossil. This specimen originates from Globigerina Limestone (Miocene period) in Malta. Natural History Museum, London, UK

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Piltdown Stegodon tooth C016 / 5975

Piltdown Stegodon tooth C016 / 5975
Piltdown Stegodon tooth (item E.596). Part of a molar tooth of the extinct mammal Stegodon. The amateur geologist Charles Dawson (1864-1916) claimed to have found this tooth

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Fossil bat specimen C016 / 5980

Fossil bat specimen C016 / 5980
Fossil bat (Palaeochiropteryx tupaiodon). Fossil skeleton of an extinct bat from the Middle Eocene, found in Lutetian oil shale from Messel, near Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Woolly rhinoceros horn fossil C016 / 6075

Woolly rhinoceros horn fossil C016 / 6075
Fossil horn specimen from the extinct woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis)

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Fossilised leaf C016 / 5956

Fossilised leaf C016 / 5956
Fossilised leaf of Platinites hebridicus. This specimen dates to the Eocene (56 to 34 million years ago) and was found in Ardtun Head, Isle of Mull, UK

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Woolly rhinoceros horn fossil C016 / 6076

Woolly rhinoceros horn fossil C016 / 6076
Fossil horn specimen from the extinct woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis)

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Fossil maidenhair tree leaf C016 / 5957

Fossil maidenhair tree leaf C016 / 5957
Fossil maidenhair tree (Ginkgo adeantoides) leaf. This specimen dates to the Eocene (56 to 34 million years ago) and was found in Ardtun Head, Isle of Mull, UK

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Piltdown Stegodon tooth C016 / 5973

Piltdown Stegodon tooth C016 / 5973
Piltdown Stegodon tooth (item E.620). Part of a molar tooth of the extinct mammal Stegodon. The amateur geologist Charles Dawson (1864-1916) claimed to have found this tooth

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Fossil foraminifera necklace C016 / 5995

Fossil foraminifera necklace C016 / 5995
Fossil foraminifera (Alveolina sp.) necklace from Sindh, India. The fossils are from Eocene limestone. Necklace from John Whittakers cabinet. Natural History Museum, London, UK

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Fossil redwood eaves C016 / 5958

Fossil redwood eaves C016 / 5958
Fossil redwood (Metasequoia occidentalis) leaves. This fossil dates to the Eocene (56 to 34 million years ago) and was found in Spitsbergen, Norway

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Fossil maidenhair tree leaf C016 / 5952

Fossil maidenhair tree leaf C016 / 5952
Fossilised maidenhair tree (Ginkgo gardneri) leaf. Speciemn from Ardtun Head, Isle of Mull, UK. Ginkgo gardneri is an extinct relative of the living Ginko biloba

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Piltdown Stegodon tooth C016 / 5974

Piltdown Stegodon tooth C016 / 5974
Piltdown Stegodon tooth (item E.596). Part of a molar tooth of the extinct mammal Stegodon. The amateur geologist Charles Dawson (1864-1916) claimed to have found this tooth

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Dinosaur and early mammal, artwork C016 / 5785

Dinosaur and early mammal, artwork C016 / 5785
Dinosaur and early mammal. Artwork of a feathered bird-like dinosaur (head at left) confronting an early mammal (lower right)

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Fossil horse teeth C016 / 5648

Fossil horse teeth C016 / 5648
Fossil horse teeth. Fossilised lower cheek teeth of the extinct horse Mesohippus. Mesohippus was a low-crowned browsing species which lived about 33 million years ago

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Fossil scallop shell C016 / 5615

Fossil scallop shell C016 / 5615
Fossil scallop (Chespecten jeffersonius) shell. This shell originated from the Miocene era, 23-7 million years ago and was found in Maryland, USA

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Hominoid and human mandible C016 / 5609

Hominoid and human mandible C016 / 5609
Hominoid and human mandible (lower jaw). Human mandible (left) compared with a Sivapithecus hominoid mandible. Sivapithecus, an extinct ape from the Miocene, lived 9 million years ago

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Hominoid cranial fragment C016 / 5608

Hominoid cranial fragment C016 / 5608
Hominoid (Sivapithecus meteai) cranial fragment. A lower fragment of the cranium showing the maxilla (upper jaw), incisors, canine, premolars and molars

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Fossil sand tiger shark teeth C016 / 5551

Fossil sand tiger shark teeth C016 / 5551
Fossil sand tiger shark teeth (Odontaspis robusta). Anterior teeth (tall, slender) and lateral teeth (triangular) are shown. Found in Early Eocene rocks, Abbey Wood, Kent

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Acacia-like pod, plant fossil C016 / 5531

Acacia-like pod, plant fossil C016 / 5531
Acacia-like pod, plant fossil. This 14-centimetre-long specimen is from the Paris Basin, and dates from the Eocene. It is part of the collections held at the Natural History Museum, London, UK

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Zygolophodon mastodon, fossil skull C016 / 5442

Zygolophodon mastodon, fossil skull C016 / 5442
Zygolophodon atticus mastodon, fossil skull. Oblique side view of a skull of an extinct mastodon (prehistoric elephant-like mammal) dating from the Miocene and found in Pikermi, Greece

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Zygolophodon mastodon, fossil skull C016 / 5441

Zygolophodon mastodon, fossil skull C016 / 5441
Zygolophodon atticus mastodon, fossil skull. Front view of a skull of an extinct mastodon (prehistoric elephant-like mammal) dating from the Miocene and found in Pikermi, Greece

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Rose plant fossils, leaves and thorn C016 / 5418

Rose plant fossils, leaves and thorn C016 / 5418
Rose plant fossils. At left are fossilised leaves of the rose plant Rosa hilliiae (Lesquereux), from the Oligocene period (23 to 35 million years ago), and found in Colorado, USA

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Priscacara clivosa, fish fossil C016 / 5255

Priscacara clivosa, fish fossil C016 / 5255
Priscacara clivosa, fish fossil. This fossil dates from the Eocene epoch, around 58 to 37 milion years ago. It was found in Wyoming, USA

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Pseudoscorpion, Baltic amber fossil C016 / 5161

Pseudoscorpion, Baltic amber fossil C016 / 5161
Pseudoscorpion, Baltic amber fossil. This specimen dates from the Upper Eocene period, about 35 million years ago. It was found in Kaliningrad, Russia

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Uintatherium ungulate, fossil skull C016 / 5075

Uintatherium ungulate, fossil skull C016 / 5075
Uintatherium ungulate, fossil skull. This horned ungulate from the mid-Eocene of the western USA, stood about 1.6 metres high at the shoulder. This skull measures 74 centimetres across

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Petrified oak, tree trunk fossil C016 / 4913

Petrified oak, tree trunk fossil C016 / 4913
Petrified oak. Polished section of a fossil of the trunk of an oak tree (Quercus sp.). This specimen is approximately 33 centimetres across

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Woolly mammoth, fossil bones C016 / 4881

Woolly mammoth, fossil bones C016 / 4881
Woolly mammoth, fossil bones. Museum display of fossil bones including those of the woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius)

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Fossilised conifer wood C016 / 4858

Fossilised conifer wood C016 / 4858
Fossilised conifer wood. Composite photomicrograph showing transverse (left), tangential (centre) and radial (right) sections through a sample of fossilised wood

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Mexican amber

Mexican amber
Piece of amber from Mexico from the Upper Oligocene about 25 million years old. Donated by Christine Bayliss

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Toxodon Platensis, found at Sadillo

Toxodon Platensis, found at Sadillo
Illustration (p.134) from Charles Darwins Journal of Researches, first illustrated edition 1890

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Six million year old fossiliferous rocks

Six million year old fossiliferous rocks located in Emirate of Abu Dhabi

Background imageCenozoic Collection: British Museum (Natural History) New Fossil Mammal Gallery P

British Museum (Natural History) New Fossil Mammal Gallery P
A poster advertising the New Fossil Mammal Gallery Pleistocene Section which opened in 1970. One of the many fossils displayed in the gallery was a Giant Irish Elk, which is depicted in this poster

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Australopithecus africanus model

Australopithecus africanus model
Model of an adult female Australopithecus africanus reconstructed from remains found at Sterkfontein, South Africa. Probably lived about 2.5 million years ago during the Plio-Pleistocene

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Skin from a Ground sloth

Skin from a Ground sloth
This rare sloth skin, one of the best examples of its kind, was found in a cave in Chile in the early 1900 s

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Hoxnian anters, bones & hand axe from Swanscombe

Hoxnian anters, bones & hand axe from Swanscombe
Part of a deer antler, fragment of elephant bone and flint hand axe all discovered at Swanscombe, Kent, south of the River Thames

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Collembola entomobryidae, springtails in amber

Collembola entomobryidae, springtails in amber
Three Springtails preserved in Baltic amber. Originating from the Upper Eocene about 35 million years old

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Flying ant amber

Flying ant amber
A flying ant preserved in Baltic amber. This specimen dates from the Upper Eocene period

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Cockroach in Baltic amber

Cockroach in Baltic amber
A cockroach preserved in Baltic amber. Originating from the Upper Eocene about 35 million years old

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Planthopper bug in Mexican amber

Planthopper bug in Mexican amber
Distorted planthopper bug Hemiptera:Fulgoroidea, trapped in Mexican amber. Specimen dates from the Upper Oligocene. Image from Amber the Natural Time Capsule

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Earwig skin in Baltic amber

Earwig skin in Baltic amber
A shed earwig skin in Baltic amber, this specimen has very long pincers. Specimen dates from the Upper Eocene. Image from Amber the Natural Time Capsule

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Water bug in amber

Water bug in amber
A water bug preserved in Dominican amber. This specimen dates from the Lower Miocene period

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Ant in amber

Ant in amber
An ant preserved in Baltic amber. This specimen dates from the Upper Eocene period, 56-34 million years ago

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Leafhopper in amber

Leafhopper in amber
Leafhoppers are small, leaping insects and seen here preserved in Dominican amber. Specimen dates from the Lower Miocene

Background imageCenozoic Collection: Scuttle fly in amber

Scuttle fly in amber
A scuttle fly preserved in Dominican amber. This specimen dates from the Lower Miocene



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The Cenozoic era, spanning from 66 million years ago to the present day, holds a treasure trove of fascinating fossils that provide glimpses into Earth's ancient past. From the discovery of a mosquito trapped in Dominican amber to the remains of Proconsul africanus, an early ape-like creature, these remnants offer valuable insights into the evolution and diversity of life. Amongst the remarkable finds are Anoplotherium commune and gracile as well as Palaeotherium – prehistoric mammals that roamed Europe during this era. Their fossilized skeletons reveal their unique adaptations for survival in different environments. Meanwhile, a Uintatherium skull showcases the immense size and power possessed by some herbivorous mammals during this time. The Eocene London clay has preserved countless wonders within its layers. Tonguestone with lateral denticles provides evidence of ancient sharks' tooth structure while Megatherium, a giant ground sloth, reminds us of the incredible variety that once existed on our planet. Venturing further into Ghar Dalam cave in Malta's Birzebbuga region reveals hidden secrets like gall midges trapped in Baltic amber or Quercus leaves perfectly preserved for millions of years. These tiny specimens shed light on long-extinct ecosystems and help scientists piece together intricate ecological puzzles. One cannot overlook Andrewsarchus mongoliencis – an enormous carnivorous mammal whose skull cast offers clues about its predatory lifestyle. Additionally, Clypeaster altus presents itself as a fossil echinoid showcasing intriguing patterns etched onto its surface. As we delve deeper into studying these extraordinary fossils from the Cenozoic era, we unravel more mysteries surrounding our planet's history. Each discovery brings us closer to understanding how life evolved over millions of years and highlights nature's astonishing ability to adapt and thrive throughout changing times.