Cenozoic Collection (page 7)

Sequoia affinis, fossil tree
This specimen of Sequoia affinis is from Florissant, Colorado, USA, and is now held at the Natural History Museum, London

Juglans ventricosa, fossil plant
These specimens of Juglans ventricosa was found in Weisweiter nr Duren, Rhineland, Germany, and is now held at the Natural History Museum, London

Sabal comanonis, fossil plant. This specimen is from Axe-en-Provence, France, and is now held at the Natural History Museum, London

Ginko gardneri, maidenhair tree leaf fossil
This fan-shaped ginko florin dates from the Lower Eocene rocks of Mull

Glyptodon, giant armadillo
Skeleton of Glyptodon, meaning carved tooth. The Glyptodon was a mammal which lived between 2 million years ago to around 15, 000 years ago. See image number 1136 for model

Fossilised Macracara prisca, cichlid
This well-preserved, fossil specimen originates from the Lower Tertiary rocks of Brazil, some 65 million years ago

Homo neanderthalensis (Swanscombe 1) Cranium
Three cranial bones discovered at the Barnfield Gravel Pit, Swanscombe, Kent between 1935 and 1955. Both the date and species of these homind remains have been the subject over the last decade or so

Stylemys nebrascensis, tortoise carapace
Depicted here is the carapace or shell of the Oligocene tortoise (Stylemys nebrascensis). Specimen originates from Western U.S.A

Heliobatis radians, fossil stingray
Specimen of the fossil stingray (Heliobatis radians) originating from the Eocene rocks of Wyoming, U.S.A. This specimen is around forty-five million years old

Mylodon darwinii, ground sloth toenails
13, 000 year old specimens of ground sloth toenails dating from the Pleistocene, Chile

Sivapithecus & human mandible
A human mandible (on the left) compared with a Sivapithecus mandible. Sivapithecus, an extinct ape from the Miocene, is believed to have lived 9 million years ago

Sivapithecus sivalensis
Fragments of cranium and mandible of an extinct ape-like primate Sivapithecus sivalensis which lived about 8 million years ago. The specimen was discovered in Potwar, Pakistan

Sivapithecus meteai cranial fragment
A lower fragment of the cranium of Sivapithecus meteai showing maxilla, incisors, canine, premolars and molars. This specimen dates back 9 million years and was discovered in Yassorien, Turkey

Weevil in amber
A weevil beetle preserved in Dominican amber. This specimen originates from the Lower Miocene period

Zygolophodon atticus, mastodon
Front view of a skull of an extinct elephant from the Miocene of Pikermi, Greece. This fossil gave rise to the myth of the one-eyed giant, Cyclops

Fungus gnat in amber
Fungus gnat, about 2mm in length, in Eocene Baltic amber about 40 million years old

Ipswichian interglacial
Possible scene in Trafalgar Square, London, during the Ipswichian interglacial period (135, 000-70, 000 years before present) with hyena, elephant, hippopotamus, and lion

Pleistocene hunters, wider view
Pleistocene (1.8 million years ago - 11, 000 years ago) hunting party with mammoths and rhinoceros

Thames Valley in the Ipswichian Interglacial
Artists impression of the Thames Valley during the Ipswichian interglacial (135, 000 to 70, 000 years before present), with an elephant, hyaena, and hippopotami

Athleta luctator, fossil sea snail
A fossil sea snail (Athleta luctator) dating from the late Eocene rocks around Barton, England

Cupressinoxylon, fossil wood
Composite photomicrograph showing transverse (left), tangential (centre) and radial (right) sections through fossil wood; Cupressinoxylon from the London Clay at Ashford, Kent, England

Pleistocene glacial landscape
During the Pleistocene (1.8 million years ago to 10, 000 years), ice covered much of Britain north of the Thames. Cold climate animals included the woolly mammoth (left) Mammuthus primigenius

Pleistocene landscape
An artists impression of the Eden Valley, Cumbria during the Pleistocene epoch which occurred between 1.8 million years ago to 10, 000 years ago

Elasmotherium, artwork
Elasmotherium. Computer artwork of an Elasmotherium grazing on the ancient steppe grasslands of what is now Southern Russia

Dorygnathus, artwork
Dorygnathus. Computer artwork of a flock of Dorygnathus pterosaurs flying over a rugged Early Jurassic (about 180 million years ago) European landscape covered in wollemi pine (Wollemia sp.) trees

Archaeopteryx, artwork
Archaeopteryx. Computer artwork of an Archaeopteryx defending its territory near the shore of a prehistoric sea. Archaeopteryx lived in the late Jurassic period (around 130 million years ago)

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The Cenozoic era, spanning from 66 million years ago to the present day, holds a treasure trove of fascinating fossils that provide glimpses into Earth's ancient past. From the discovery of a mosquito trapped in Dominican amber to the remains of Proconsul africanus, an early ape-like creature, these remnants offer valuable insights into the evolution and diversity of life. Amongst the remarkable finds are Anoplotherium commune and gracile as well as Palaeotherium – prehistoric mammals that roamed Europe during this era. Their fossilized skeletons reveal their unique adaptations for survival in different environments. Meanwhile, a Uintatherium skull showcases the immense size and power possessed by some herbivorous mammals during this time. The Eocene London clay has preserved countless wonders within its layers. Tonguestone with lateral denticles provides evidence of ancient sharks' tooth structure while Megatherium, a giant ground sloth, reminds us of the incredible variety that once existed on our planet. Venturing further into Ghar Dalam cave in Malta's Birzebbuga region reveals hidden secrets like gall midges trapped in Baltic amber or Quercus leaves perfectly preserved for millions of years. These tiny specimens shed light on long-extinct ecosystems and help scientists piece together intricate ecological puzzles. One cannot overlook Andrewsarchus mongoliencis – an enormous carnivorous mammal whose skull cast offers clues about its predatory lifestyle. Additionally, Clypeaster altus presents itself as a fossil echinoid showcasing intriguing patterns etched onto its surface. As we delve deeper into studying these extraordinary fossils from the Cenozoic era, we unravel more mysteries surrounding our planet's history. Each discovery brings us closer to understanding how life evolved over millions of years and highlights nature's astonishing ability to adapt and thrive throughout changing times.