"Frowning: Expressions of Discontent and Determination Across Time and Cultures" From the stern gaze of Ataturk Mustapha Kemal to the brooding countenance of a mountain gorilla in Virunga National Park, frowns have long been a universal symbol of dissatisfaction. Just as Herodotus and Freeman chronicled historical events with furrowed brows, so too do we find ourselves captivated by their stories. In the literary world, Anthony Trollope's photo captures his contemplative spirit, while Mr Pickwick addresses us with an air of seriousness. Even Jb Lully's bust seems to scowl at us from centuries past, reminding us that even composers can be discontented. John Ruskin's photo shows him hunched over his desk, deep in thought - a perfect embodiment of intellectual intensity. Meanwhile, Serge Gainsbourg arrives at Heathrow wearing a perpetual frown that reflects his enigmatic persona as a French composer and musician. Religious figures also join this gallery of grimaces. St John Chrysostom's Theve portrays him with an unwavering expression denoting moral conviction. Father Eymard's bronze sculpture from 1963 echoes this sentiment through its solemnity. Even in lighter moments captured on comic postcards like "Flowers in the park, " frowning finds its place amidst laughter and joy. It reminds us that life is not always sunshine and smiles; it is also marked by moments when our brows knit together in frustration or concern. Finally, Paul Delaroche immortalizes Napoleon at Fontainebleau during his first abdication - March 31st, 1814 - showcasing the legendary leader with a resolute frown etched upon his face. This powerful image encapsulates both determination and resignation simultaneously. Frowning transcends time periods and cultures; it speaks volumes about human emotions without uttering a word.