German School 17th Century Collection

Red Carnation and Lavender, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler (1561-1629), pub
I Caryophyllus maximus plenus flore rubro II Lavendula flore albo III Lavendula flore coeruleo. Besler was an apothecary in Nuremberg

African Marigold and French Marigolds, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler (1561-1629)
I Caryophyllus Indicus flore multiplici luteo pleno maior; II Caryophyllus indicus flore luteo simplici minor; III Caryophyllus indicus floreauros simplici minor; Besler was an apothecary in

Thorn Apple, Germander and Purple Toadflax, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler
I Datura Turcarum; II Polium folys & facie Lavendulae; III Linaria purpureo vislacea elatior; Besler was an apothecary in Nuremberg and was in charge of the gardens at the Prince Bishop near Eichstat;

Autumn Snowflake and Meadow Saffrons, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler (1561-1629)
I Leucoium bulbosum Autumnale tenuifolium; II Colchicum vulgare plyanthos; III Colchicum bitlorum; IIII Colchicum vulgare album; V Colchicum vulgare purpura scente flore; Besler was an apothecary in

Colutea Tree and Cytisus Varieties, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler (1561-1629), pub
I Colutea Vesicaria; II Cytisus Caleni Maranth cornutus; III Cytisus primus Tabernam spicatus; Besler was an apothecary in Nuremberg

Horseweed / Butterweed / Fleabane and European Michaelmas Daisies, from Hortus Eystettensis
I Conyzamedia; II Aster atticus minor flore coeruleo; III Aster atticus maior flore coeruleo; Besler was an apothecary in Nuremberg and was in charge of the gardens at the Prince Bishop near Eichstat;

Marsh Marigold, March Violet and Spring Gentian, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler
I Caltha palustris flore multiplici; II Viola martia canina; III Gentianella minima verna flore coeruleo; Besler was an apothecary in Nuremberg

Hippoglossum, Cowslip and Sanicle / Snakeroot, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler
I Hippoglossum; II Primula veris anglicana flore pleno; III Sanicula montana altera; Besler was an apothecary in Nuremberg and was in charge of the gardens at the Prince Bishop near Eichstat;

Varieties of Tulip, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler (1561-1629), pub
I Tulipani uci coloris oris rubeo purpurascen; II Tulipa florib y flexis inferni miniatis exterius berbaceis margine excinnabari ru; III Tulipa florib ex fulpburco colore pallescentibus lituris

Madonna Lily and Bulb, Red Martagon of Constantinople, from Hortus Eystettensis
I Lilium Album; II Lilium Byzantium flore multiplici; III Scapus Lily; Besler was an apothecary in Nuremberg and was in charge of the gardens at the Prince Bishop near Eichstat

Orange Lily with Bulbils and Bulbs, Late-Blooming Blackstoria, from Hortus Eystettensis
I Lilium Cruentum Bulbiferum; III Centaurium flore luteo; II Scapuscum radice; Besler was an apothecary in Nuremberg and was in charge of the gardens at the Prince Bishop near Eichstat

Sultan Zambach Lily and Bulb, Veronica, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler (1561-1629)
I Sultan Zambach Martagon Constantinopolitanum flore albo; II Veronica recta coerulea; III Bulbus Zambachcum inferisi pantecaulis; Besler was an apothecary in Nuremberg

Snakes Head Fritillary, Wild Garlic and Tulip, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler
I Fritillaria iuncifolijs; II Allium ursinum; III Tulipa viridis coloris; Besler was an apothecary in Nuremberg and was in charge of the gardens at the Prince Bishop near Eichstat;

Judas Tree, May Lily, Moonwort, Liverwort, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler
I Arbor Iudae (Cercis siliquastrum); II Unifolium (Maianthemum bifolium); III Lunaria Botrytis IIII Hepatica Palustris. Besler was an apothecary in Nuremberg

Four variets of Dog Rose, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler (1561-1629), pub
I Rosa sylvestris odorata incarnato flore; II Rosa Sylvestris flore rubro; III Rosa milesiarubra flore simpli (Rosa Gallica); IV Rosa eglenteria (Rosa Rubiginosa)

Three Varieties of Buttercup, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler (1561-1629), pub
I Ranunculus Hortensis erectus flore simplici luteo [Bulbous buttercup]; II Ranunculus Montanus maior flore luteo [Common buttercup]; III Ranunculus erectus minimus flore pleno luteo prolifero

Aquilegia, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler (1561-1629), pub. 1613
I Aquilegia stellata flore albo minutillimis nigris punctis ornata; II Aquilegia coerulea inverso flore; III Aquilegia flore albo simplici; Besler was an apothecary in Nuremberg

Grape Hyacinths, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler (1561-1629), pub. 1613
I Hyacinthus Botryoides maior; II Muscari flore obsoleto albo; III Muscari flore obsoleto nigro; Besler was an apothecary in Nuremberg

Bindweed, Dogs Bane and Sea Bindweed, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler (1561-1629)
I Convoluulus maior flore albo (wild morning glory Calystegiasepium); II Scammonca Monspelliens (Cynachum acutum); III Soldanella Marina (Calystegia soldanella)

Double Flowered Apple, German Catch-Fly and a Bellflower, from Hortus Eystettensis
I Poma flore multiplici; II Lychnis viscosa sylvestis flore incarnato; III Rapunculus Sylvestius maior (Campanula patula); Besler was an apothecary in Nuremberg

Spiny Bears Breech and Forget-Me-Nots, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler (1561-1629)
I Acanthus Spinosus; Model for the decoration on the top of classical columns, Corinthian Order in Roman and Baroque architecture; II Scorpisides Mairtertia Dodonei; III Scorpisides Maitertia Dodonei

Narcissus, Tulip and Summer Snowflake, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler (1561-1629)
I Narcissus iuncifolius polyanthos albus; II Lilio Narcissus Bononiensis; III Leucojum Bulbosum minus; I Besler was an apothecary in Nuremberg

Late Hyacinth and Star-Of-Bethlehem, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler (1561-1629), pub
I Hyacinthus Serotinus obsoleto colore; II Ornithogalum lactum maximum; III Ornithogalum Spicatum maximum; Besler was an apothecary in Nuremberg

Harebell and Convovulus, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler (1561-1629), pub
I Campanula minor syluestris flore coeruleo; II Convolvulus Indicus flore violaceo; III Nil Arabiom Camerary; Besler was an apothecary in Nuremberg

Dittany, White Helleborine and Yellow Day Lily, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler
I Fraxinella; emits a vapour cloud on hot days which can be ignited, also called burning bush; II Epipactis angustifolius; III Asphodelus Liliaceus; I Besler was an apothecary in Nuremberg

Various Narcissi, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler (1561-1629), pub
I Narcissus albus maximus calice luteo brevi; II Narcissus albus medius calice luteo brevi; III Narcissus stotus luteus oblongo calice & reflexis folys; IV Pseudo Narcissus minimus Tuncifolius

Persian Lily and Irises, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler (1561-1629), pub
I Lilium Persicum: Persian Lily actually a fritillary - related to Crown Imperial; II Iris tuberosa; III Chamairis angustis folys minor; IV Bulbus lily persici; Besler was an apothecary in Nuremberg

Creeping Bugle, Spring Vetch and Red Campion, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler
I Consolida media (Ajuga repens); II Orobus Pannonicus (Lathyrus vernus); III Lychnis Sylvestris (Silene dioica); Besler was an apothecary in Nuremberg

Musk Mallow, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler (1561-1629), pub. 1613
I Alcea vulgaris; II Alcea Fuiticans; Besler was an apothecary in Nuremberg and was in charge of the gardens of the Prince Bishop near Eichstat;

Mullein, genus Verbascum, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler (1561-1629), pub
I Blattaria flore albo; II Blattaria flore luteo; III Blattaria Pliny verbascum nigrum; Besler was an apothecary in Nuremberg and was in charge of the gardens of the Prince Bishop near Eichstat;

Dames Violet and a Field Iris, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler (1561-1629), pub
I Iris pratensis maior; II Viola matronalis flore albo; III Viola matronalis flore purpunto; Besler was an apothecary in Nuremberg and was in charge of the gardens of the Prince Bishop near Eichstat;

Jamaica Sorrel, Bellflower and Prickly Saltwort, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler
I Sabdariffa; II Campanula folys serratis coerulea; III Kali Minus; Besler was an apothecary in Nuremberg and was in charge of the gardens of the Prince Bishop near Eichstat;

Red-Yellow Day Lily and Groundsel, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler (1561-1629), pub
I Lilium fatuum; Grows over 1 metre tall; II Dorea Narbonensuim; Besler was an apothecary in Nuremberg and was in charge of the gardens of the Prince Bishop near Eichstat;

Chili Pepper [Nightshade Family], from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler (1561-1629), pub
I Piper Indicum rotun dum maximum; II Piper minimum Siliguis rotundis; Brought from the Americas by mid C16th but only then as an ornamental plan

Fire Lily and Viola, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler (1561-1629), pub
I Lilium cruentum flore pleno; One of the lilies which produces bulbils in its leaf axils, its a hybridized form from the original alpine wild flower; II Viola erecta flore coeruleo; III Viola erecta

Varieties of Larkspur, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler (1561-1629), pub
I Consolida regalis simplici flore rubro; II Consolida regalis flore plonara; III Consolida regalis flore plenor; Besler was an apothecary in Nuremberg

Turks Cap Lily, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler (1561-1629), pub
Llium Montanum maximum polyanthos variegatum; Bred to grow especially tall and heavily flowered at Eichstatt; Found in the wild in Germany from 16thC; Besler was an apothecary in Nuremberg

Canterbury Bells, and Corn Cockles, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler (1561-1629), pub
I Medium flore purpurea; II Pseudomelantoium flore rubescente; III Pseudo melantbium flore albo; Besler was an apothecary in Nuremberg

Scarlet Turks Cap Lily and Scilla Autumnalis, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler
I Hemerocallis Calcedonica polyanthos; II Scapuscum bulbo; III Hyacinthus stellatus autumnalis angustifolijs maior; I & II Lilium Martagon

Turks Cap Lily and Enchanters Nightshade, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler
I Circea; II Lilium montanum maius album punctatum; III Lilium Montanum minus album non punctatum; Besler was an apothecary in Nuremberg

Turks Cap Lily and Dianthus, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler (1561-1629), pub
I Martagon Imperiale Moschatum; In 1612 this plant bore 210 flowers on its flowerhead; II Caryopoyllus minor sylvestus flore simplici; III Caryopaillus minor sylvestus flore pleno; Besler was an

Snapdragons or Antirrhinums, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler (1561-1629), pub
I Antirrhinum flore albo; II Antirrbinum flore rubro; III Antirribinum Sylvestre; wild variety, is probably Antirrhinum orontium, the calfs snout or small snapdragon

Hardy Geraniums, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler (1561-1629), pub. 1613
I Geranium moscatum odoratum; II Geranium Fuscum; III Geranium Saxatile; Besler was an apothecary in Nuremberg and was in charge of the gardens of the Prince Bishop near Eichstat;

Guaiacum and Chinese Privet, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler (1561-1629), pub
I Guaiacana; Guaiacum used against syphilis, gout and rheumatism - but is in fact an Asian Ebenaceae aka Date Plum: II Ligustrum; Poisonous berries once used for blue

Asphodel, Burnt Orchid and Fumaria Spicata, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler
I Asphodelus maior albus; II Cinosorchis flore purpureo, now rare; so named as the bud is black before flowers; III Fumarra rubea tenuifolia - fumaria spicata differs from other German species of

Italian Cypress and Spanish Broom, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler (1561-1629), pub
I Cupressus arbor; Italian cypress originally from Asia, brought by the Phoenicians and now considered native to Italy; II Spartium Hispanicum; usually more bare-stemmed than shown here; plant which

Oxe Eye Daisy and Crown Daisy, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler (1561-1629), pub
I Bellis maior, now Leucanthemum; II Chrysanthaemum Creticum luteum; III Chrysanthemum Creticum mixtum, now classified as Glebionis coronaria; Besler was an apothecary in Nuremberg

Bloody Cranesbill and Bigroot Cranesbill, from Hortus Eystettensis, by Basil Besler (1561-1629)
I Geranium anglicanum variegatum; II Geranium sanguinaeium maius; Besler was an apothecary in Nuremberg and was in charge of the gardens at the Prince Bishop near Eichstat;

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Step into the enchanting world of a German school in the 17th century, where nature's vibrant colors and delicate fragrances filled the air. Basil Besler, a renowned botanist and artist, captured this mesmerizing beauty in his masterpiece, "Hortus Eystettensis. " In this captivating collection of botanical illustrations, you'll find an array of exquisite flowers that adorned gardens during that era. The pages come alive with vivid depictions of Red Carnation and Lavender, their petals delicately intertwined like whispers from a bygone era. Besler's meticulous attention to detail is evident as he immortalizes African Marigold and French Marigolds on paper. Their golden hues radiate warmth while Thorn Apple, Germander, and Purple Toadflax add a touch of whimsy to the composition. As you turn each page, Autumn Snowflake and Meadow Saffrons greet your gaze with their ethereal charm. These ephemeral beauties remind us of nature's ever-changing seasons. The Colutea Tree stands tall amidst Cytisus Varieties; their branches intertwine like old friends sharing secrets. Horseweed/Butterweed/Fleabane dances alongside European Michaelmas Daisies—a celebration of wildflowers thriving harmoniously. Marsh Marigold shines bright beside March Violet and Spring Gentian—symbols of resilience even in the harshest conditions. Hippoglossum gracefully sways next to Cowslip and Sanicle/Snakeroot—an ode to Mother Earth's healing powers. Besler pays homage to the majestic Tulip through various varieties showcased within his work. Each petal tells its own story—a testament to human fascination with these captivating blooms. Madonna Lily exudes purity while Bulbils sprout new life beneath Orange Lily's watchful eye. Late-Blooming Blackstoria adds mystery to this floral symphony orchestrated by Hortus Eystettensis.