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Homo Sapiens Collection

Homo sapiens, the remarkable species that we are, have come a long way in our evolutionary journey

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: Sensory homunculus

Sensory homunculus
This model shows what a mans body would look like if each part grew in proportion to the area of the cortex of the brain concerned with its sensory perception

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: Motor homunculus

Motor homunculus
This model shows what a mans body would look like if each part grew in proportion to the area of the cortex of the brain concerned with its movement

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: Stages in human evolution

Stages in human evolution
Human evolution. Illustration showing stages in the evolution of humans. At left, proconsul (23-15 million years ago) is depicted hypothetically as an African ape with both primitive

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: Homo erectus (Sangiran 17), H. sapiens (?) H. neanderthalens

Homo erectus (Sangiran 17), H. sapiens (?) H. neanderthalens
L to R, cast of Homo erectus, (Sangiran 17), Sangiran, Java, 700, 000 years old; cast of recent Homo sapiens skull from South East Asia; cast of Neanderthal skull from La Ferrassie, France, 50

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: Illustration of Australopithecus, Homo habilis and Homo sapiens skulls

Illustration of Australopithecus, Homo habilis and Homo sapiens skulls

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: Liver

Liver
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of a section through a liver (x 7000), an organ that has over 500 functions in the human body (x 800)

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: Cro-magnon and Neanderthal skull comparison

Cro-magnon and Neanderthal skull comparison
Side view comparison of casts of Cro-Magnon skull from Brno, Czech Republic, Upper Palaeolithic (right), and Neanderthal skull from La Chapelle, France, Middle Palaeolithic (left)

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: Human cell

Human cell
Illustration of a highly magnified section through a human cell. Page 8 from Human Biology, 1977

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: Primate skulls

Primate skulls. Coloured x-rays of the skulls of a gorilla (Gorilla gorilla, left), chimpanzee (Pan trogoldytes, centre) and human (Homo sapien, left)

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: Artwork of the stages in human evolution

Artwork of the stages in human evolution
Human evolution. Illustration showing stages in the evolution of humans. At left, proconsul (23-15 million years ago) is depicted hypothetically as an African ape with both primitive

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: Hominid reconstructions in chronological order

Hominid reconstructions in chronological order
From left to right: Australopithecus, Early Homo erectus (Java Man), Late Homo erectus (Peking Man), Homo heidelbergensis (Rhodesian Man), Neanderthal man and Homo sapiens (Cro-Magnon)

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: Engraving of a human skull

Engraving of a human skull
Collected from the Admiralty Islands in the south-western Pacific, on The Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger (1872-1876) was funded by the British Government for the purpose of scientific discovery

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: Triatoma infestans, kissing bug

Triatoma infestans, kissing bug
This insect is a member of the Triatomine group, which are associated with the transmission of disease to humans

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: Homo sp. skulls C016 / 5933

Homo sp. skulls C016 / 5933
Side views of Homo erectus (Sangiran), H. heidelbergensis (Broken Hill), H. neanderthalensis, (La Ferrassie) and H. sapiens (Polynesia) skulls. Natural History Museum, London, UK

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: Skeleton of Negrillo or pigmy

Skeleton of Negrillo or pigmy
A skeleton of a female pygmy from the Akka Tribe, Monnattu, central Africa. Specimen presented by Dr Emin Pasha, 1887. Photograph by J Benjamin Stone in 1907

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: Red Lady of Paviland femur C016 / 5028

Red Lady of Paviland femur C016 / 5028
Red Lady of Paviland femur. This fossil femur, stained red with ochre, is part of a human fossil skeleton (Homo sapiens) known as the Red Lady of Paviland (Paviland 1)

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: Human red blood corpuscles

Human red blood corpuscles
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) of red blood cells showing their characteristic biconcave shape which increases the surface area for diffusion

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: A naturalist being mobbed by Pteroglossus beauharnaesii, cur

A naturalist being mobbed by Pteroglossus beauharnaesii, cur
Illustration from Henry Walter Bates The Naturalist on the Amazons (1884)

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: Primate brain evolution

Primate brain evolution. Conceptual computer artwork of a brain (centre) with a monkey head (left) and a human head (right), representing the evolution of primate brains

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: Modern human skull

Modern human skull
Skull of an adult, female modern human

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: Prehistoric man, c.1880 (illustration)

Prehistoric man, c.1880 (illustration)
8698400 Prehistoric man, c.1880 (illustration) by German School, (19th century); Bibliotheque des Arts Decoratifs, Paris, France; (add.info.: History. Prehistory. Bear hunting)

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: Alfurus, Polinians of Hawaii

Alfurus, Polinians of Hawaii
6202812 Alfurus, Polinians of Hawaii; (add.info.: "Alfurus, Polinians of Hawaii". Image caption Original styled according to the nineteenth-century concept of "race")

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: Tyrolean, Parisian, Chirghise, Europeans and Western Asians wear wool fabrics

Tyrolean, Parisian, Chirghise, Europeans and Western Asians wear wool fabrics
6202820 Tyrolean, Parisian, Chirghise, Europeans and Western Asians wear wool fabrics; (add.info.: "Tyrolean, Parisian, Chirghise, Europeans and West Asians dress in wool fabrics")

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: Prehistoric diet: 'A mastodon chop or an ichthyosaurus cutlet.' (litho)

Prehistoric diet: "A mastodon chop or an ichthyosaurus cutlet." (litho)
8634860 Prehistoric diet: "A mastodon chop or an ichthyosaurus cutlet." (litho) by English School, (20th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: Prehistoric diet)

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: Popular Superstitions: The howling of a dog at night (colour litho)

Popular Superstitions: The howling of a dog at night (colour litho)
8668714 Popular Superstitions: The howling of a dog at night (colour litho) by English School, (20th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: The howling of a dog at night)

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: Food and Beverage. Bread cooking in the prehistory. Engraving in

Food and Beverage. Bread cooking in the prehistory. Engraving in: Grands hommes et grands faits de l'industrie
3434791 Food and Beverage. Bread cooking in the prehistory. Engraving in: Grands hommes et grands faits de l'industrie, France

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: Ethiopian man and woman. Handcoloured steel engraving from Georg Friedrich Treitschke's Gallery of

Ethiopian man and woman. Handcoloured steel engraving from Georg Friedrich Treitschke's Gallery of Natural History
FLO4720025 Ethiopian man and woman. Handcoloured steel engraving from Georg Friedrich Treitschke's Gallery of Natural History, Naturhistorischer Bildersaal des Thierreiches

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: Skull of an early homo sapiens

Skull of an early homo sapiens
3507255 Skull of an early homo sapiens; (add.info.: Skull of an early homo sapiens found in Eastern Europe.); Universal History Archive.

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: Southern Malay or Brown Breed Type

Southern Malay or Brown Breed Type
6202808 Southern Malay or Brown Breed Type; (add.info.: "Southern Malay or Brown Race type". Image caption Original styled according to the nineteenth-century concept of "race")

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: American race. Pampanese Sciaurri, Araucane

American race. Pampanese Sciaurri, Araucane
6202805 American race. Pampanese Sciaurri, Araucane; (add.info.: "American race. Pampanese Sciaurri, Araucane". Image caption Original styled according to the nineteenth-century concept of)

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: Caucasian and Mongolian men. Handcoloured steel engraving from Georg Friedrich Treitschke's

Caucasian and Mongolian men. Handcoloured steel engraving from Georg Friedrich Treitschke's Gallery of Natural
FLO4720054 Caucasian and Mongolian men. Handcoloured steel engraving from Georg Friedrich Treitschke's Gallery of Natural History, Naturhistorischer Bildersaal des Thierreiches

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: Neanderthal skull

Neanderthal skull
3499733 Neanderthal skull; (add.info.: Prehistory. Paleolithic. Mousterian. Neanderthal skull (Homo Sapiens Neanderthalensis). Middle Paleolithic (90000 BC-35000 BC). Museum of Natural History

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: Cannibalised face found at Gough's Cave

Cannibalised face found at Gough's Cave
5305209 Cannibalised face found at Gough's Cave.; (add.info.: Cannibalised face found at Gough's Cave, England. Dated 15th Century BC.); Universal History Archive/UIG.

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: The Dawn of Golf (engraving)

The Dawn of Golf (engraving)
8672679 The Dawn of Golf (engraving) by English School, (20th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: The Dawn of Golf. Illustration from The Boy's Own Annual (London)

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: Yes, dear - sometimes the idea of marriage positively frightens me! (colour litho)

Yes, dear - sometimes the idea of marriage positively frightens me! (colour litho)
8656643 Yes, dear - sometimes the idea of marriage positively frightens me! (colour litho) by English School, (20th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: "Yes)

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: Cro-magnon Man (print)

Cro-magnon Man (print)
7420081 Cro-magnon Man (print); (add.info.: Early European modern humans, or Cro-Magnons. The first early modern humans (Homo sapiens) to settle in Europe, migrating from Western Asia

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: American or Red Race Type

American or Red Race Type
6202807 American or Red Race Type; (add.info.: "American or Red Race type." Image caption Original styled according to the nineteenth-century concept of "race")

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: Arabic, Chinese, Aztec, cotton clothes are East Asians, Americans and North Affricans

Arabic, Chinese, Aztec, cotton clothes are East Asians, Americans and North Affricans
6202819 Arabic, Chinese, Aztec, cotton clothes are East Asians, Americans and North Affricans; (add.info.: "Arabic, Chinese, Aztec, cotton clothed are East Asians)

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: Skeletons of a man, Homo sapiens, and endangered lar gibbon, Hylobates lar (Simia lar)

Skeletons of a man, Homo sapiens, and endangered lar gibbon, Hylobates lar (Simia lar)
FLO4720006 Skeletons of a man, Homo sapiens, and endangered lar gibbon, Hylobates lar (Simia lar). Lithograph from Georg Friedrich Treitschke's Gallery of Natural History

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: American race. Eskimo, Woman of Ate-uti

American race. Eskimo, Woman of Ate-uti
6202804 American race. Eskimo, Woman of Ate-uti; (add.info.: "American race. Eskimo, Woman of Ate-uti". Image caption Original styled according to the nineteenth-century concept of)

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: Patagonus, Dakoti, Eskimeso, leather clothes occupy the two extreme parts of America

Patagonus, Dakoti, Eskimeso, leather clothes occupy the two extreme parts of America and the north of Asia
6202821 Patagonus, Dakoti, Eskimeso, leather clothes occupy the two extreme parts of America and the north of Asia; (add.info.: "Patagonus, Dakoti, Eskimeso)

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: Australe, Pepuano, Donna Guarani; inhabitants of New Holland, New Guinea, South America and Affrica

Australe, Pepuano, Donna Guarani; inhabitants of New Holland, New Guinea, South America and Affrica
6202817 Australe, Pepuano, Donna Guarani; inhabitants of New Holland, New Guinea, South America and Affrica; (add.info.: "Australe, Pepuano, Donna Guarani; inhabitants of New Holland)

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: Cannibalised face found at Gough's Cave

Cannibalised face found at Gough's Cave
5305210 Cannibalised face found at Gough's Cave.; (add.info.: Cannibalised face found at Gough's Cave, England. Dated 15th Century BC.); Universal History Archive/UIG.

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: Native American in headdress with horns, buckskin shirt, holding bow and arrow

Native American in headdress with horns, buckskin shirt, holding bow and arrow
FLO4720037 Native American in headdress with horns, buckskin shirt, holding bow and arrow. Handcoloured steel engraving from Georg Friedrich Treitschke's Gallery of Natural History

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: Yellow or Mongolian breed. Color of sooty brown or olive brown; hair black, rare, inspient

Yellow or Mongolian breed. Color of sooty brown or olive brown; hair black, rare, inspient, face crushed
6202810 Yellow or Mongolian breed. Color of sooty brown or olive brown; hair black, rare, inspient, face crushed, wide in the gothic knobs, narrow in the chin, eyes divergent, nose little protruding

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: Noerlandese, King of Bussa, Bornese, covered with tree zest fabrics

Noerlandese, King of Bussa, Bornese, covered with tree zest fabrics
6202818 Noerlandese, King of Bussa, Bornese, covered with tree zest fabrics; (add.info.: "Noerlandese, King of Bussa, Bornese, covered with tree zest fabrics")

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: American race. Fetzeri

American race. Fetzeri
6202806 American race. Fetzeri; (add.info.: "American race. Fetzeri". Image caption Original styled according to the nineteenth-century concept of "race")

Background imageHomo Sapiens Collection: American race. Mozus, Chief of the Osagii (Algonchino)

American race. Mozus, Chief of the Osagii (Algonchino)
6202801 American race. Mozus, Chief of the Osagii (Algonchino); (add.info.: "American race. Mozus, Chief of the Osagii (Algonchino)"



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Homo sapiens, the remarkable species that we are, have come a long way in our evolutionary journey. From the early stages of Australopithecus and Homo habilis to the modern-day Homo sapiens, our development has been nothing short of extraordinary. The sensory homunculus and motor homunculus illustrate how different parts of our body are represented in our brain's cortex. These maps show just how intricately connected we are as beings capable of perceiving and interacting with the world around us. Through various stages in human evolution, we have witnessed significant changes. The discovery of Homo erectus (Sangiran 17) shed light on our ancestors' ability to walk upright, marking a crucial milestone in our development. Coexisting with other subspecies like H. Neanderthalensis further emphasizes the diversity within our lineage. Illustrations showcasing Australopithecus, Homo habilis, and Homo sapiens skulls highlight the gradual transformation from ape-like features to more human-like characteristics over time. Our journey has not only shaped us externally but internally as well – from vital organs like the liver to intricate structures like human cells. Comparisons between primate skulls reveal similarities and differences among species closely related to us. Cro-magnon and Neanderthal skull comparisons provide insights into ancient humans' physical variations while emphasizing their shared ancestry. Artwork depicting hominid reconstructions chronologically showcases how each stage built upon its predecessor – an awe-inspiring testament to millions of years of evolution unfolding before us. However fascinating this story may be, it is essential not to forget about potential threats that still exist today. For instance, Triatoma infestans or 'kissing bug, ' known for transmitting Chagas disease remains a concern even for modern-day homo sapiens. Homo sapiens stand at the pinnacle of biological evolution – a culmination of countless generations adapting and evolving through time.