Natural Philosophy Collection

Celestial mechanics, medieval artwork
Celestial mechanics. Coloured historical artwork depicting a medieval pilgrim looking out from the sky (blue) to see the mechanics of the heavens (upper left)

Socrates, caricature
Socrates. Caricature of the Ancient Greek philosopher Socrates (c.470-399 BC). Socrates is credited with introducing a new and critical attitude in philosophy and science

Plato, Ancient Greek philosopher
Plato (427-347 BC), Ancient Greek philosopher. Platos spirit of rational inquiry led to todays scientific method. His writings shaped and continue to have a profound influence on Western thought

Plato, caricature
Plato. Caricature of the Ancient Greek philosopher Plato (427-347 BC). Platos spirit of rational inquiry led to todays scientific method

16th-century medical astrology
Medical astrology. 16th-century artwork of Zodiac Man, a male body labelled with the twelve signs of the zodiac. This artwork was published in Freiburg in 1503 in the encyclopedia Margarita

16th-century astronomy. Artwork of Atlas holding up the heavens. This artwork was published in Freiburg in 1503 in the encyclopedia Margarita Philosophica by the German author Gregor Reisch

Socrates, Ancient Greek philosopher
Socrates (c.470-399 BC), Ancient Greek philosopher, credited with introducing a new and critical attitude in philosophy and science

Galileo Galilei's sketch of what he called the 'triple nature' of Saturn
5311878 Galileo Galilei's sketch of what he called the 'triple nature' of Saturn; (add.info.: Galileo Galilei's sketch of what he called the 'triple nature' of Saturn)

Diagram depicting Galileo's experiment to prove the existence of a vacuum
5310104 Diagram depicting Galileo's experiment to prove the existence of a vacuum; (add.info.: Diagram depicting Galileo's experiment to prove the existence of a vacuum)

Speaking Trumpet, 1887
1574794 Speaking Trumpet, 1887; (add.info.: Using a speaking trumpet to communicate on deck of a ship. Within limits, the larger the trumpet the further the voice will carry)

A family of alchemists at work
6116960 A family of alchemists at work,; (add.info.: A family of alchemists at work. A 17th century illustration after a work by Pieter Bruegel.); Photo © Ken Welsh. All rights reserved 2024.

Natural Philosophy, 1878 (engraving)
1574797 Natural Philosophy, 1878 (engraving); (add.info.: Boy lighting paper using the sun's rays focused by a concave mirror. Engraving from ''Natural Philosophy'' by E)

Diagram depicting Galileo's experiment to measure the force of a ball
5310105 Diagram depicting Galileo's experiment to measure the force of a ball; (add.info.: Diagram depicting Galileo's experiment to measure the force of a ball rolled down an inclined plane)

Title page of the Latin edition of Galileo Dialogo by Galileo Galilei
5307334 Title page of the Latin edition of Galileo Dialogo by Galileo Galilei.; (add.info.: Title page of the Latin edition of Galileo Dialogo (Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems)

An engraving showing the front and back view of Henry Cavendish's registering thermometer
5311276 An engraving showing the front and back view of Henry Cavendish's registering thermometer. Henry Cavendish (1731-1810) a British natural philosopher, scientist

Tuning Fork Experiment, 1887 (engraving)
1574787 Tuning Fork Experiment, 1887 (engraving); (add.info.: Causing a tuning fork to vibrate by drawing a bow across it. Engraving from ''Natural Philosophy'' by A)

Lunar surface as observed by Robert Hooke in the region of the crater Hipparchus
5308546 Lunar surface as observed by Robert Hooke in the region of the crater Hipparchus; (add.info.: Lunar surface as observed by Robert Hooke in the region of the crater Hipparchus)

Galileo demonstrating his telescope
5311844 Galileo demonstrating his telescope; (add.info.: Engraving depicting Galileo demonstrating his telescope to the Doge and the Venetian Senators)

Galileo Galilei's observations of Jupiter and it's satellites
5310287 Galileo Galilei's observations of Jupiter and it's satellites; (add.info.: Galileo Galilei's observations of Jupiter and it's satellites)

The path of a projectile shown as a circular arc
5311833 The path of a projectile shown as a circular arc; (add.info.: Engraving depicting the path of a projectile shown as a circular arc)

Bridge over the Golden Horn. From Paris Manuscript L, 1502. Creator: Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)
Bridge over the Golden Horn. From Paris Manuscript L, 1502. Found in the Collection of the Bibliotheque de l'Institut de France, Paris.

I. Newton, (1642-1727), 1830. Creator: Unknown
I. Newton, (1642-1727), 1830. Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, theologian, and author, educated at Trinity College, Cambridge

Leibnitz, (1646-1716), 1830. Creator: Unknown
Leibnitz, (1646-1716), 1830. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) German polymath, logicians, mathematician and natural philosopher of the Enlightenment who also made contributions to physics

Portrait of Alexis Caswell (1799-1877), 1872. Creator: Manchester Bros
Portrait of Alexis Caswell (1799-1877), 1872

Frontispiece and Titlepage from Instauratio Magna by Francis Bacon
XJF384028 Frontispiece and Titlepage from Instauratio Magna by Francis Bacon, 1640 (engraving) by Marshall, William (fl.1617-49); Private Collection; (add.info)

Sir Thomas Brownes Statue and St Peters Church, Norwich (colour photo)
3094765 Sir Thomas Brownes Statue and St Peters Church, Norwich (colour photo) by English Photographer, (20th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: Sir Thomas Brownes Statue, St Peters Church)

Mrs Bryan & Children (engraving)
604849 Mrs Bryan & Children (engraving) by Shelley, Samuel (1750-1808); Private Collection; (add.info.: Mrs Bryan and Children, depicting Margaret Bryan and her daughters)

A philosophers cabinet (engraving)
2775130 A philosophers cabinet (engraving) by English School, (18th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: A philosophers cabinet, c1700)

A Lighthouse - not Professor Tyndall, from Moonshine
TRI181938 A Lighthouse - not Professor Tyndall, from Moonshine, published 20th December 1884 (wood engraving) by English School, (19th century); The Royal Institution, London

Titlepage of Ludicrum Chiromanticum, 1661 (engraving) Frontispiece of the "
3058198 Titlepage of Ludicrum Chiromanticum, 1661 (engraving) Frontispiece of the " Thesaurus Chiromantiae" (1661) by German School

Portrait of Mrs Jane Marcet (1769-1858) (litho)
TRI141701 Portrait of Mrs Jane Marcet (1769-1858) (litho) by English School, (19th century); The Royal Institution, London, UK; eRoyal Institution; English, out of copyright

Sir Kenelm Digby (engraving)
964874 Sir Kenelm Digby (engraving) by English School, (18th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: Sir Kenelm Digby. English courtier, diplomat, natural philosopher)

Wilbur Wright in the flyer, 1908. Creator: Anonymous
Wilbur Wright in the flyer, 1908. Private Collection

L Exposition aerienne, c. 1908. Creator: Munier, J. (active ca 1900)
L Exposition aerienne, c. 1908. Private Collection

Paul Jovius, (1483-1552), 1830. Creator: Unknown
Paul Jovius, (1483-1552), 1830. Paolo Giovio (1483-1552) Italian physician, historian, biographer, and prelate. Assigned chair of Moral Philosophy

Boyle, (1627-1691), 1830. Creator: Unknown
Boyle, (1627-1691), 1830. Robert Boyle (1627-1691) Anglo-Irish natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, and inventor. From " Biographical Illustrations", by Alfred Howard. [Thomas Tegg, R

John Aubrey, (1626-1697), 1830. Creator: Unknown
John Aubrey, (1626-1697), 1830. John Aubrey (1626-1697) English antiquary, natural philosopher, archaeologist and writer. From " Biographical Illustrations", by Alfred Howard

The Silver Dart AEA Drome No. 4 by Alexander Graham Bell, 1908. Artist: Anonymous
The Silver Dart AEA Drome No. 4 by Alexander Graham Bell, 1908. Private Collection

View of glider flying as a kite, 1900. Artist: Wright Brothers, (Orville and Wilbur)
View of glider flying as a kite, 1900. Private Collection

Title page of Principia philosophiae by Rene Descartes, 1644
3086647 Title page of Principia philosophiae by Rene Descartes, 1644 by Dutch School, (17th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: Renati Des-Cartes Principia philosophiae)

A Philosopher giving a Lecture on the Orrery in which a lamp is put in place of the Sun. Found in the Collection of State Hermitage, St. Petersburg

Photophone by Alexander Graham Bell, 1882. Artist: Anonymous
Photophone by Alexander Graham Bell, 1882. Private Collection

Advertisement for the Edison Mimeograph, 1900s-1910s. Artist: Anonymous
Advertisement for the Edison Mimeograph, 1900s-1910s. Private Collection

San Francisco Parlor with Kinetoscopes, 1894-1895. Artist: Anonymous
San Francisco Parlor with Kinetoscopes, 1894-1895. Private Collection

Archimedes Siege Catapult. From The Histories by Polybius, 1727. Artist: Anonymous
Archimedes Siege Catapult. From The Histories by Polybius, 1727. Private Collection

The Westinghouse Alternating Current Motor by Nikola Tesla, 1888-1889. Artist: Anonymous
The Westinghouse Alternating Current Motor by Nikola Tesla, 1888-1889. Private Collection

Optics. From: L Arte di restituire a Roma tralasciate Navigazione... 1685. Artist: Meijer (Meyer), Cornelis Jansz
Optics. From: L Arte di restituire a Roma tralasciate Navigazione... 1685. Private Collection

Margarita Philosophica. Anatomy, 1504. Artist: Reisch, Gregor (1467-1525)
Margarita Philosophica. Anatomy, 1504. Private Collection

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"Exploring the Cosmos: Unveiling Natural Philosophy through Celestial Mechanics and Medieval Artwork" In the realm of natural philosophy, a captivating journey awaits as we delve into the depths of knowledge. From ancient Greek philosophers like Socrates and Plato to groundbreaking thinkers like Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibnitz, this caption takes us on an enlightening voyage. Imagine gazing at medieval artwork adorned with celestial mechanics, where intricate depictions of planets and stars merge with artistic brilliance. These masterpieces offer glimpses into how our ancestors perceived the cosmos, blending scientific curiosity with artistic expression. Socrates, often depicted in caricatures, stands as a symbol of intellectual pursuit. His relentless questioning paved the way for critical thinking that still shapes our understanding today. Similarly, Plato's philosophical teachings continue to inspire generations as his caricature captures his profound wisdom. The 16th-century witnessed a revolution in astronomy when scholars dared to challenge conventional beliefs about our place in the universe. Pioneers such as Copernicus and Galileo shattered old notions by proposing heliocentrism – forever altering humanity's perception of its cosmic surroundings. Returning to Ancient Greece, Socrates emerges once again as an influential figure who questioned everything around him. His relentless pursuit of truth laid foundations for future philosophical inquiries that would shape natural philosophy for centuries to come. Enter Sir Isaac Newton – a towering genius whose discoveries revolutionized science itself. A portrait from 1830 immortalizes this brilliant mind who unraveled fundamental laws governing motion and gravity; his contributions remain indispensable even today. Gottfried Leibnitz joins Newton on this intellectual pedestal; both men made significant strides in mathematics and calculus during their lifetimes. Their portraits remind us that great minds can coexist while pushing boundaries within their respective fields. Shifting gears towards more recent history brings us face-to-face with Alexis Caswell - an eminent scholar from the 19th century whose work in astronomy and mathematics continues to inspire.