Neanderthal Collection

Homo erectus (Sangiran 17), H. sapiens (?) H. neanderthalens
L to R, cast of Homo erectus, (Sangiran 17), Sangiran, Java, 700, 000 years old; cast of recent Homo sapiens skull from South East Asia; cast of Neanderthal skull from La Ferrassie, France, 50

Neanderthal spear point
A spear point once belonging to that of Neanderthal Man (Homo neanderthalensis). This specimen was discovered in Gorhams Cave, Gibraltar

Homo neanderthalensis in action at Swanscombe, UK
An illustration by Angus McBride showing a group of Homo neanderthalensis on the ancient banks of the river Thames in modern day Swanscombe, Kent

Cro-magnon and Neanderthal skull comparison
Side view comparison of casts of Cro-Magnon skull from Brno, Czech Republic, Upper Palaeolithic (right), and Neanderthal skull from La Chapelle, France, Middle Palaeolithic (left)

Modern Neanderthal, conceptual image. Computer artwork representing what a Neanderthal might have looked like today had the species survived

NEANDERTHAL MAN. First reconstruction of a Neanderthal man, from the La Chapelle-aux-Saints Neanderthal skeleton, discovered in France in 1908

Neanderthal Mankind By H. H. Johnston. From The Book The Outline Of History Volume 1 By H. G. Wells, Published 1920
Neanderthal Mankind By H.H.Johnston. From The Book The Outline Of History Volume 1 By H.G.Wells, Published 1920

1894 Haeckel Pithecanthropus ape man crop
Pithecanthropus europeaus alalus (european speechless ape-man) by Gabriel Max, 1894, reproduced as Photogravure Plate 29 in Ernst Haeckel " Naturliche Schopfungs-Geschichte"

Neanderthal skull
Skull of an adult, female neanderthal

Neanderthal Man
An illustration of Neanderthal man 500, 000 years ago based on a skeleton found at La Chapelle-aux-Saints in 1908. It had been proven since then that man was by no means in the gorilla stage

Homo sp. skulls C016 / 5933
Side views of Homo erectus (Sangiran), H. heidelbergensis (Broken Hill), H. neanderthalensis, (La Ferrassie) and H. sapiens (Polynesia) skulls. Natural History Museum, London, UK

Skull of Neanderthal (Homo neanderthalensis). Krapina. Croatia. Natural History Museum. London. United Kingdom

Neanderthal landscape, artwork
Neanderthal landscape. Artwork showing a Neanderthal (Homo neanderthalensis, far right behind tree) watching grey wolves (Canis lupus, foreground)

Correze Man / Neanderthal
CORREZE MAN (Neanderthal) reconstructed from a skull found at La Chapelle-aux- saints, France, in 1908/9

Neanderthal Or Neandertal Man. After A Work C. 1920
Neanderthal Or Neandertal Man. After A Work C.1920

Neanderthal skull
3499733 Neanderthal skull; (add.info.: Prehistory. Paleolithic. Mousterian. Neanderthal skull (Homo Sapiens Neanderthalensis). Middle Paleolithic (90000 BC-35000 BC). Museum of Natural History

Prehistory: hunting. The pursuit of horses on the rock of Solutre. Civilization of Neanderthal (Paleolithic)
THT4305973 Prehistory: hunting. The pursuit of horses on the rock of Solutre. Civilization of Neanderthal (Paleolithic). Engraving from 1870; (add.info.: Prehistory: hunting)

Man and gorilla compared (litho)
6013549 Man and gorilla compared (litho) by English School, (20th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: Man and gorilla compared)

Louis Mascre with sculptures of evolutionary man
Louis Mascre, sculptor to the court of Belgium, pictured with three of a series of prehistoric studies in which he showed mans development from the Neanderthal type to the present day. 1928

Neanderthal man (colour litho)
665679 Neanderthal man (colour litho) by Brightwell, Leonard Robert (b.1889); Private Collection; (add.info.: Neanderthal man - A species now extinct)

Skin-clothed artists decorating their caves, illustration from
616804 Skin-clothed artists decorating their caves, illustration from The Story of the British People, c.1950 (litho) by Forestier, Amedee (1854-1930) (after); Private Collection; English

Human skull from la Chapelle-aux-Saints, Neanderthal man (fossil)
LRI4649112 Human skull from la Chapelle-aux-Saints, Neanderthal man (fossil) by Prehistoric; Museo Civico Di Storia Naturale, Milan

Human skull from la Chapelle-aux-Saints, Neanderthal man (fossil)
LRI4649102 Human skull from la Chapelle-aux-Saints, Neanderthal man (fossil) by Prehistoric; Museo Civico Di Storia Naturale, Milan

Caveman Holding Colorful Rocks
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Ape Man Drinking Beer
http://csaimages.com/images/istockprofile/csa_vector_dsp.jpg

Caveman, c1950. Creator: Shirley Markham
Caveman, c1950. Shirley Markham (1931-1999) studied Graphic Design and Illustration at Central School of Art in London from 1950-1952

Neanderthal Woman: Reconstruction at British Museum, National History, c20th century
Neanderthal Woman, Reconstruction at British Museum, National History, c20th century

Neanderthal Man. Reconstruction of head, c20th century

Reconstruction of a high-status neanderthal burial in central Asia
Reconstruction of a neanderthal burial in central Asia at Teshik Tash. Probably a high-status burial, with animal bones and horns arranged suggesting a ritual burial

Reconstructed Neanderthal skull
The skull of a Neanderthal from La Chapelle-aux-Saints (reconstruction)

Reconstructed Neanderthal Mans skull, 49, 000 BC
The skull of a Neanderthal man, reconstructed, 49, 000 BC

Paleolithic Skull of Grimaldi man (replica)
Skull of Grimaldi man, an adolescent discovered in Baousse Rosse one the Cote de Azure. It is debated whether he is neanderthal, cro-magnon, or something else entirely

Neanderthal skull from France
A neanderthal skull from Chapelle Aux Saints, Correze, in France

Neanderthal woman, artwork. The bones of of her right hip joint are shown here. Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis) inhabited Europe and western Asia between 230, 000 and 29, 000 years ago

Neanderthals hunting Irish elk, artwork. Group of Neanderthal hunters attacking a male Irish elk (Megaloceros giganteus). The Irish elk was one of the largest deer that ever lived

Homo neanderthalensis, Neanderthal Woman (Tabun C1)
Model of Neanderthal woman (Homo neanderthalensis) based upon measurements taken from the fossil skeleton of a female Neanderthal discovered at Tabun, Israel, known as Tabun C1 who lived about 100

Head Of A Neanderthal Man. Illustration From A 19Th Century Reconstruction. From Nuestro Siglo, Published Barcelona 1883

Timon In His Cave From Timon Of Athens By William Shakespeare. Prehistoric Man, Bearded And Dressed In Animal Skins. From The Illustrated Library Shakspeare, Published London 1890

Homo neanderthalensis and Homo heildebergensis
Left: Cranium of Neanderthal man discovered at Forbes quarry Gibraltar in 1848. Right: Cranium of Broken Hill, or Rhodesian man (H. heidelbergensis) discovered at Broken Hill, Zambia in 1921

Neanderthal man skull (Homo Sapiens Neanderthalensis). It comes from Chapelle-aux-Saints. Paleolithic art. FRANCE. Ό E-DE-FRANCE. YVELINES. Saint-Germain-en-Laye. Museum of National Antiquities

Male homo erectus running, white background

Prehistoric hominin females, artwork. From left to right: Flores Man (Homo floresiensis), Cro-Magnon (European Early Modern Humans or EEMH, Homo sapiens sapiens)

Neanderthal couple, artwork C016 / 5791
Neanderthal couple, artwork. Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis) inhabited Europe and western Asia between 230, 000 and 29, 000 years ago

Homo neanderthalensis (Ferrassie 1) cranium cast
Cranium cast of an adult male Neandertal Man (Homo neanderthalensis) discovered at La Ferrassie, Dordogne, France, by D Peyrony and L. Captian in 1909. The original specimen dates back 70, 000 years

Homo neanderthalensis hunting in Swanscombe
A Homo neanderthalensis group hunting fallow deer on the banks of the river Thames at modern day Swanscombe, Kent 400, 000 years ago. Illustration by Angus McBride

Homo neanderthalensis, Neanderthal man model
A model reconstruction of a Neanderthal family situated within a cave. Neanderthal lived between 135, 000 to 35, 000 years ago

NEANDERTHAL MAN. A late 19th century depiction of Neanderthal man (Homo neanderthalensis) based on the 1857 discovery of human skeletal remains in the Neander Valley, Prussia: engraving, 1873

Head of a model of a neanderthal man
Neanderthal man. Head of a model of a neanderthal man (Homo sapiens neanderthalensis). Neanderthals were early humans that lived in Europe and the Middle East about 120-30, 000 years ago

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Neanderthal, a species of early humans known as Homo neanderthalensis, has fascinated scientists and the general public alike. The first reconstruction of a Neanderthal man was based on the La Chapelle-aux-Saints Neanderthal skeleton discovered in France in 1908. Frantisek Kupka, with the assistance of Marcellin Boule, created a drawing that captured the imagination of many when it was published in The Illustrated London News in 1909. The Neanderthals were not alone during their time on Earth; they coexisted with other human species like Homo erectus and Homo sapiens. Evidence suggests that there might have been some interbreeding between these different groups. Archaeological discoveries such as Neanderthal spear points provide insight into their hunting techniques and survival strategies. At Swanscombe, UK, evidence of Homo neanderthalensis' presence can be seen through artifacts found at this site. In 1894, Haeckel's Pithecanthropus ape man crop sparked debates about human evolution and our relationship to our ancient ancestors. This illustration challenged prevailing ideas at the time. Even today, we continue to explore what it means to be "modern" or "primitive. " Conceptual images depicting modern-day individuals as Neanderthals remind us that our understanding is constantly evolving. H. H. Johnston's book from 1920 titled "Neanderthal Mankind" sheds light on how scholars perceived these ancient humans nearly a century ago. It reflects both scientific knowledge and societal attitudes prevalent during that period. Comparisons between Cro-Magnon (early modern humans) and Neanderthal skulls highlight anatomical differences between these two closely related species. These comparisons help us understand how each group adapted to its environment over time. The study of individual skulls provides valuable information about physical characteristics unique to Neanderthals. These distinctive features contribute to our understanding of their evolutionary history.