Physiological Collection

Muscular system on head
Muscular system on a head. Computer artwork showing the musculature of the side of a human males head. The muscles shown are skeletal muscles. These muscles are consciously controlled by the brain

The Airpump by Joseph Wright
The Air Pump by Joseph Wright (1734-1797). This artwork was painted in 1768. Its full title is An Experiment on a Bird in the Air Pump

Uterus lining during menstruation, SEM
Uterus during menstruation. Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of the lining of the uterus being shed during menstruation

Synapse nerve junction, TEM
Synapse. Coloured transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of a synapse, a junction between two nerve cells, in the brain. At a synapse an electrical signal is transmitted from one cell to the next in

Mechanics of respiration, diagram
Mechanics of respiration. Cutaway diagrams showing the mechanics of breathing in (left) and breathing out (right). Arrows show: the movement of air in and out of the nose

Lie detector test
MODEL RELEASED. Lie detector test. Pulse meters on a mans fingers during a lie detector, or polygraph, test. A polygraph records changes in a number of physiological processes

Rough endoplasmic reticulum, TEM
Rough endoplasmic reticulum, coloured transmission electron micrograph (TEM). This section shows the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER, folds, centre), a membranous structure that occurs in cells

Descartes optics theory, 17th century
Descartes optics theory, artwork. This is the eye diagram from Descartes book Optics (1637). Three external points are shown depicted on the retina at the back of the eye

Skeleton & Ligaments
Physiological diagram of the skeleton and ligaments

Automaton at the Schoolboys Own Exhibition, 1929
A physiological robot at the Schoolboys Own Exhibition in London, 1929. Designed to show how organs of the body work, here three young visitors take great interest in its insides. Date: 1929

Ouchi illusion. The central circular area of perpendicularly orientated bars appears to move and float compared to the surrounding pattern

Blood cells, computer artwork. Red blood cells (red), or erythrocytes, are biconcave disc-shaped cells that are responsible for supplying tissues with oxygen

Arterial system, 18th century. Artwork of the layout and appearance of the arteries of the human circulatory system. This artwork is from Encyclopedie

Athlete physiology, artwork
Athlete physiology. Computer artwork of a male athlete, with enlargements to show the important physiological enhancements typical of most athletes

Brain motor cortex pathways, artwork C016 / 6532
Brain motor cortex pathways. Artwork of a sectioned human brain, brainstem and spinal cord, showing neural pathways (red and blue) from the motor cortex of the brain

Blood coagulation cascade, artwork C016 / 9873
Blood coagulation cascade. Artwork of the biochemical cascade of blood chemicals and proteins during blood clotting (coagulation). The blood vessel and its layered wall is at upper left

Brain neuron. Computer reconstruction of a medium spiny neuron from the basal ganglia of the brain. Neurons (nerve cells) are responsible for passing information around the central nervous system

Human digestive system, artwork. At top, food from the mouth forms a bolus that is swallowed down the oesophagus. At centre, the bolus is about to enter the stomach (arrow)

Phantom pain after amputation, artwork
Phantom pain after amputation. Artwork of a man experiencing phantom pain (red flash) from his amputated hand (left). This is caused by stimuli to the motor and pre-motor cortical areas of his brain

Eye muscle, TEM C014 / 1468
Eye muscle. Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of a section through a striated muscle cell from the ciliary muscle of a human eye

Red blood cells. Computer artwork of human red blood cells (erythrocytes). Red blood cells are biconcave, giving them a large surface area for gas exchange, and highly elastic

Beritashvili and students, Tbilisi, 1962
Ivan Beritashvili (1885-1974, centre), Soviet physiologist, instructing students who are studying the brain of a laboratory animal

Muscles of Human Body
Physiological diagram of the muscles, joints and animal mechanics of the human body

McDonnell Douglas T-45A Goshawk 163621
United States Navy - McDonnell Douglas T-45A Goshawk 163621 (MSN A023, call-sign 221'), of TW-2 at NAS Kingsville, Texas

Signed page from Micrographia: or Some Physiological Descriptions of Minute Bodies
1208391 Signed page from Micrographia: or Some Physiological Descriptions of Minute Bodies Made by Magnifying Glasses, 1665 (pen & ink and print on paper) by Hooke

De Motu Cordi, set Sanguinis in Animalibus (The Motion of the Heart
5615726 De Motu Cordi, set Sanguinis in Animalibus (The Motion of the Heart and Blood in Living Beings) by William Harvey (1578-1657)

De Motu Cordi, set Sanguinis in Animalibus (The Motion of the Heart
5615725 De Motu Cordi, set Sanguinis in Animalibus (The Motion of the Heart and Blood in Living Beings) by William Harvey (1578-1657)

Title page from De Motu Cordis set Sanguinis in Animalibus
5615724 Title page from De Motu Cordis set Sanguinis in Animalibus (The Motion of the Heart and Blood in Living Beings) by William Harvey (1578-1657) published in 1628

Human lungs, anatomical artwork
Human lungs. Anatomical artwork of the human lungs (red, centre left and right) and respiratory system. The heart (which has been removed here) is located between the lungs

Franz Gall, German physiologist
Franz Joseph Gall (1758-1828), German physiologist. Gall believed that the brains shape was related to mental capacity and that different parts of the brain controlled specific parts of the human

Carl Vogt, German naturalist
Carl Christoph Vogt (1817-1895), German naturalist. Vogt published a number of notable works on physiology, geology and zoology

Karl Rudolphi, Swedish naturalist. Historical artwork of Karl Asmund Rudolphi (1771-1832). Rudolphi is credited with being the father of helminthology, the study of worms

Hijras, transvestites of Southern Asia. They are physiological males who have a feminine gender identity. Date: circa 1890s

Fist clenching movement, artwork C016 / 6795
Fist clenching movement. Artwork of the muscles of the forearm and hand from the front, with red arrows showing the direction of movement of the fingers during flexion to form a fist

Little and ring finger flexion, artwork C016 / 6793
Little and ring finger flexion. Artwork of the muscles of the forearm and hand from the front, with red arrows showing the direction of movement of the little and ring (fourth and third)

Head musculature, artwork
Head musculature. Computer artwork showing the musculature of the front of a human males head. The muscles shown are skeletal muscles. These muscles are consciously controlled by the brain

Retina layers, SEM C018 / 0520
Retina layers, coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM). The retina of the human eye is found on the inside of the eyeball and is formed from a number of layers

Menopause, conceptual artwork. Menopause is the cessation of menstruation. It usually occurs between the ages of 45 and 55

Woman using a urinal, thermogram C016 / 7559
Woman using a urinal. Thermogram of a woman urinating in a urinal. The colours show variation in temperature. The scale runs from black (coldest) through purple, pink, red, orange and yellow

Men urinating, thermogram C016 / 7556
Men urinating, thermogram. The colours show variation in temperature. The scale runs from black (coldest) through purple, pink, red, orange and yellow, to white (warmest)

Goblet cells. Coloured transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of a section through goblet cells in the lining of the small intestine, part of the digestive tract. They are full of mucus (yellow)

Human circulatory system, computer artwork. Veins (blue) carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart. Arteries (red) carry oxygenated blood from the heart around the body

Robert Koch, German bacteriologist
Robert Koch (1843-1910), German bacteriologist. Along with Louis Pasteur, Koch is considered the founder of modern medical bacteriology

Brain waves, conceptual image
Brain waves. Conceptual image of waves emanating from a human brain. This can represent the electrical activity of the brain, as recorded on an electroencephalogram (EEG)

Kidney anatomy, artwork
Kidney anatomy. Cutaway artwork showing the internal structure of a kidney. The kidney, one of a pair of such organs, is part of the human excretory system

Nephron structure, artwork
Nephron structure. Artwork showing the structure of a nephron, the functional filtering unit of a kidney. The function of the kidney is to filter waste products such as urea from the blood

Human ear anatomy. Computer artwork of the structure of the human ear, showing the outer ear (left), middle ear and inner ear (right)

Italian physician and physicist. Line engraving from Galvanis De Viribus Electricitatis, 1792
LUIGI GALVANI (1737-1798). Italian physician and physicist. Line engraving from Galvanis De Viribus Electricitatis, 1792

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"Exploring the Intricacies of Physiology: From Airpumps to Blood Cells" Delving into the world of physiology, we uncover a fascinating array of scientific discoveries and visual wonders. Joseph Wright's masterpiece, "The Airpump, " captures the essence of early physiological experiments, showcasing humanity's thirst for knowledge. Intricate synapse nerve junctions depicted through Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) reveal the intricate communication network within our bodies. These microscopic connections enable seamless transmission of signals between neurons, shaping our thoughts and actions. Moving upwards to the head, we encounter an astonishing view of the muscular system. The complexity and precision required for even simple movements become apparent as ligaments intertwine with bones in perfect harmony. Venturing deeper into female physiology, a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) reveals the uterus lining during menstruation. This glimpse into nature's cyclical process sheds light on one aspect of womanhood that has both fascinated and perplexed scientists throughout history. Stepping away from biology but still within the realm of physiology, lie detector tests emerge as tools to decipher truth from deception. By monitoring physiological responses such as heart rate and perspiration levels, these tests attempt to unravel hidden truths buried within our bodies. Returning to cellular structures through TEM imaging once again unveils rough endoplasmic reticulum - a vital component responsible for protein synthesis in cells. Its intricate web-like structure showcases nature's elegance at work. Tracing back centuries ago brings us to Descartes' optics theory from the 17th century - an exploration into how vision is perceived by our eyes and interpreted by our brains. This groundbreaking theory laid foundations for understanding human perception today. Transitioning towards physicality itself leads us to skeletons intertwined with ligaments - providing structural support while allowing flexibility in movement. These silent heroes ensure smooth locomotion throughout life's journey.