Sir Mark Sykes Collection

Dynasties in the time of the Buwayids, circa 932 A. D. c1915. Creator: Emery Walker Ltd
Dynasties in the time of the Buwayids, circa 932 A.D. c1915. Map of civilisations in the Middle East during the 10th century: Byzantine, Buwayid Kingdom, Abbasid Caliphate, Kingdom of the Ikhshids

Byzantine and Crusaders v. Seljuks, circa 1130 A. D. c1915. Creator: Emery Walker Ltd
Byzantine and Crusaders v. Seljuks, circa 1130 A.D. c1915. Map of civilisations in the Middle East during the 12th century: Byzantine, other Christian states, Abbasid Caliphate, Seljuks, Fatimids

Neri to Akra, c1915. Creator: Stanfords Geographical Establishment
Neri to Akra, c1915. Map showing the journey of British writer, soldier and diplomatic advisor Mark Sykes in Turkey, (at that time part of the Ottoman Empire)

Baghdad in the Days of Mansur, 1915. Creator: Edmund Sandars
Baghdad in the Days of Mansur, 1915. Aerial view of the walled city of Baghdad (modern-day Iraq) as it might have appeared in the 8th century AD

Girdi Kurds, c1906-1913, (1915). Creator: Mark Sykes
Girdi Kurds, c1906-1913, (1915). Kurdish men, possibly from Girdi Abdulaziz, (Erbil Governorate, Kurdistan Region of Iraq)

Map showing Approximate Distribution of Kurdish Tribes of the Ottoman Empire, c1915. Diagram by British writer, soldier and diplomatic advisor Mark Sykes (1879-1919)

Ottoman and Persian, after 1450 A. D. c1915. Creator: Emery Walker Ltd
Ottoman and Persian, after 1450 A.D. c1915. Map of empires in the Middle East during the 15th-17th centuries: Ottoman Empire at the accession of Mohammed II, 1451 AD, Additions 1481-1683

Physical Map of the Ottoman Empire, c1915. Creator: Unknown
Physical Map of the Ottoman Empire, c1915. Map showing the eastern Mediterranean, Cyprus, the Middle East, the rivers Tigris and Euphrates, what is now Turkey, and part of Egypt

Rome v. Persia (Sassanian), circa 300 A. D. c1915. Creator: Emery Walker Ltd
Rome v. Persia (Sassanian), circa 300 A.D. c1915. Map of the eastern Mediterranean and Near East, showing the ancient empires of Rome, Persia, and Armenia

The Abbasid Caliphate v. Byzantine Empire, circa 786 A. D. c1915. Creator: Emery Walker Ltd
The Abbasid Caliphate v. Byzantine Empire, circa 786 A.D. c1915. Map of civilisations in the Middle East during the 8th century, and also showing the eastern Mediterranean, Red Sea, Caspian Sea

The Omayyad Caliphate v. Byzantine Empire, circa 748 A. D. c1915. Creator: Emery Walker Ltd
The Omayyad Caliphate v. Byzantine Empire, circa 748 A.D. c1915. Map of the Mediterranean and Near East, showing the Kingdom of Mohammed, Additions under the Caliphs

Shaykh Hamid Pasha, c1906-1913, (1915). Creator: Mark Sykes
Shaykh Hamid Pasha, c1906-1913, (1915). Group portrait of a sheikh and his retinue, in a village...which is situated perhaps two and half miles outside Bashkala

Kurd of Neri, c1906-1913, (1915). Creator: Mark Sykes
Kurd of Neri, c1906-1913, (1915). Profile portrait of a Kurdish man from what is now eastern Turkey. From " The Caliphs Last Heritage, a short history of the Turkish Empire" by Lt.-Col

Musa Bey el Abbasieh, c1906-1913, (1915). Creator: Mark Sykes
Musa Bey el Abbasieh, c1906-1913, (1915). Group of people in Central Asia, probably in what is now Turkey. From Diza we proceeded to Gulanik

Kastamuni Peasant showing Gallic Type, c1906-1913, (1915). Creator: Mark Sykes
Kastamuni Peasant showing Gallic Type, c1906-1913, (1915). Man wearing a turban, possibly from Kastamonu, (Turkey). From " The Caliphs Last Heritage

Cavalry Patrol near Erzinjan, c1906-1913, (1915). Creator: Mark Sykes
Cavalry Patrol near Erzinjan, c1906-1913, (1915). Mounted men in the valley of Erzinjan in Anatolia, (Turkey). From " The Caliphs Last Heritage

House near Ayundun, c1906-1913, (1915). Creator: Mark Sykes
House near Ayundun, c1906-1913, (1915). Timber building on stone piers, possibly to prevent rodents. From Istifan we proceeded by horse to Ayundun [Turkey

Boy with a Cross Bow at Sinope, c1906-1913, (1915). Creator: Mark Sykes
Boy with a Cross Bow at Sinope, c1906-1913, (1915). Boy using a crossbow, Sinop, (Turkey). From " The Caliphs Last Heritage, a short history of the Turkish Empire" by Lt.-Col

Ak Koyunlu Turks, c1906-1913, (1915). Creator: Mark Sykes
Ak Koyunlu Turks, c1906-1913, (1915). A group of men in Avrik, (Iraq?): we are the Ak Koyunlu Turks of Uzun Hassan. The Aq Qoyunlu (or Ak Koyunlu), also called the White Sheep Turkomans

The Roman Bridge at Solali, c1906-1913, (1915). Creator: Mark Sykes
The Roman Bridge at Solali, c1906-1913, (1915). Ancient bridge which...stands at the entrance of a short but chasm-like gorge, which leads the Diarbekir Su into the open valleys of the Sus district

Deir Amar, c1906-1913, (1915). Creator: Mark Sykes
Deir Amar, c1906-1913, (1915). Women and children outside traditional stone houses in the village of Deir al-Qamar, (Lebanon)

Armenian Priest at Dibneh, c1906-1913, (1915). Creator: Mark Sykes
Armenian Priest at Dibneh, c1906-1913, (1915). Portrait of a an orthodox Christian priest in the village of Dibneh, (Iraq)

Yezidi Shaykh of Sinjar, c1906-1913, (1915). Creator: Mark Sykes
Yezidi Shaykh of Sinjar, c1906-1913, (1915). Yazidi (or Yezidi) sheikh from Sinjar, (northern Iraq). From " The Caliphs Last Heritage, a short history of the Turkish Empire" by Lt.-Col

Ibrahim Pasha, c1906-1913, (1915). Creator: Mark Sykes
Ibrahim Pasha, c1906-1913, (1915). From " The Caliphs Last Heritage, a short history of the Turkish Empire" by Lt.-Col. Sir Mark Sykes. [Macmillan & Co, London, 1915]

Route between Karaman and Kiz Kale, c1915. Creator: Stanfords Geographical Establishment
Route between Karaman and Kiz Kale, c1915. (Note Boyalar is about 8 miles S. of Karaman). Map showing the journey of British writer

Route from Chatal Zeitun to Kavza and from Kavak to Tash Kupri, c1915. Creator: Unknown
Route from Chatal Zeitun to Kavza and from Kavak to Tash Kupri, c1915. Map showing the journeys of British writer, soldier and diplomatic advisor Mark Sykes in northern Turkey

Sketch between Balat and Adranos, c1915. Creator: Stanfords Geographical Establishment
Sketch between Balat and Adranos, c1915. Map showing the journey of British writer, soldier and diplomatic advisor Mark Sykes between Balat and Adranos in Turkey

Route to Petra from Teyaha, c1915. Creator: Stanfords Geographical Establishment
Route to Petra from Teyaha, c1915. (Note: None of these watercourses contain perennial streams). Map showing the journey of British writer

Detail of Rocky Maze on Map of Route from Karaman to Kiz Kale, c1915. Map showing part of the journey of British writer, soldier and diplomatic advisor Mark Sykes between Karaman (in Central Anatolia)

The Western Bend of the Euphrates, c1915. Creator: Mark Sykes
The Western Bend of the Euphrates, c1915. Map of the River Euphrates and surrounding areas. From " The Caliphs Last Heritage, a short history of the Turkish Empire" by Lt.-Col

Section of Route from Diarbekir to Sivas and Sivas to Sinope by Aneroid readings, c1915. Map showing the journeys, with altitude above sea level, of British writer

Authors Routes in Asiatic Turkey, c1915. Creator: Stanfords Geographical Establishment
Authors Routes in Asiatic Turkey, c1915. Map showing the journeys of British writer, soldier and diplomatic advisor Mark Sykes (1879-1919) who travelled through Palestine, Iraq, Syria

Second Mongol Raid (Timur), circa 1450 A. D. c1915. Creator: Emery Walker Ltd
Second Mongol Raid (Timur), circa 1450 A.D. c1915. Map of civilisations in the Middle East during the 14th and 15th centuries: Ottomans c1350 AD, Ottoman Empire in 1400 AD

Monastery at Kale Punar, c1915. Creator: Stanfords Geographical Establishment
Monastery at Kale Punar, c1915. Plan of monastic buildings in Turkey, at that time part of the Ottoman Empire, showing chapels, cisterns, caves and fountains

Bath built by Sultan Bayezid I, circa 1390 A.D. at Mudurlu, c1915. Plan of baths supposedly built by the Ottoman sultan Bayezid I, showing the tank, mens and womens cooling rooms

First Mongol Raid (Hulagu), circa 1400 A. D. c1915. Creator: Emery Walker Ltd
First Mongol Raid (Hulagu), circa 1400 A.D. c1915. Map of civilisations in the Middle East during the early 15th century: Byzantine, other Christian states, Bahri Mamluks

Portion of direct route between Brusa and Kutahya, c1915. (Note: from Brusa to Osauk Punar & from Devrant to Kutakia is accurately surveyed)

Pre-Persian, circa 600 B. C. c1915. Creator: Emery Walker Ltd
Pre-Persian, circa 600 B.C. c1915. Map of the eastern Mediterranean and near East, showing the ancient civilisations of empires of Lydia, Media, Babylonia, Independent States, and free Greek cities

Plan of Monastery of St. Anthony, c1915. Creator: Mark Sykes
Plan of Monastery of St. Anthony, c1915. Map of the Coptic Orthodox Monastery of Saint Anthony in the Eastern Desert of Egypt. It is the oldest monastery in the world

El Bedieh, c1906-1913, (1915). Creator: Mark Sykes
El Bedieh, c1906-1913, (1915). Bedouin at the salt wells near Tell- Afar, (Iraq or Syria). The next day we pushed on to El Bedieh, where the Bedawin have sunk wells in a dry wadi

Kal at Ja abar, c1915. Creator: Mark Sykes
Kal at Ja abar, c1915. Map of the fortress and citadel at Ja aber, al-Tabqa city, on the left bank of the Euphrates, (Syria)

Route from Diarbekir to Zara, c1915. Creator: Unknown
Route from Diarbekir to Zara, c1915. Map showing the journey of British writer, soldier and diplomatic advisor Mark Sykes between Diyarbakir and Zara in Turkey

Ahmed Agha, c1906-1913, (1915). Creator: Mark Sykes
Ahmed Agha, c1906-1913, (1915). Kurdish men with rifles and bullet belts, Shirwan, (eastern Turkey). A little further on we met Ahmed Agha and fifty gunmen

Kurds of Shaykh Sadiks Army, c1906-1913, (1915). Creator: Mark Sykes
Kurds of Shaykh Sadiks Army, c1906-1913, (1915). Kurdish men with rifles and bullet belts, Khatuna, (eastern Turkey). From " The Caliphs Last Heritage

Rome v. Parthia, circa 50 B. C. c1915. Creator: Emery Walker Ltd
Rome v. Parthia, circa 50 B.C. c1915. Map of the eastern Mediterranean and Near East, showing the ancient empires of Rome, Parthia, Armenia, and Protected and Independent States

Turkish Villagers of Yeni Cheri near Erzinjan, c1906-1913, (1915). Creator: Mark Sykes
Turkish Villagers of Yeni Cheri near Erzinjan, c1906-1913, (1915). Group of men from near Erzinjan in Anatolia, (Turkey). From " The Caliphs Last Heritage

Persian, circa 500 B. C. c1915. Creator: Emery Walker Ltd
Persian, circa 500 B.C. c1915. Map of the eastern Mediterranean and Near East, showing the ancient Persian empire and Independent States

Post-Persian, circa 188 B. C. c1915. Creator: Emery Walker Ltd
Post-Persian, circa 188 B.C. c1915. Map of the eastern Mediterranean and Near East, showing the ancient empires of Pergamum, Seleucid, Free Greek States, Gauls, Ptolemy, and Independent States

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Sir Mark Sykes was a British diplomat and politician who played a significant role in shaping the Middle East during the early 20th century. His expertise in dynasties, history, and geography allowed him to navigate complex political landscapes. With his deep knowledge of Byzantine and Crusader history versus the Seljuks, Sir Mark Sykes understood the historical context that influenced contemporary conflicts. He recognized the importance of understanding past power struggles to effectively address present challenges. Sykes also had an eye for capturing cultural diversity through his photographs. From Neri to Akra, he documented different communities and individuals with precision. Whether it was Shaykh Hamid Pasha or Musa Bey el Abbasieh, he captured their essence and shared their stories with the world. In addition to his photography skills, Sir Mark Sykes contributed to cartography by creating maps like "Physical Map of the Ottoman Empire. " These maps provided crucial information about territorial boundaries and geographical features that were essential for strategic decision-making. Furthermore, Sir Mark Sykes delved into ancient history by exploring clashes between empires such as The Abbasid Caliphate versus Byzantine Empire or The Omayyad Caliphate versus Byzantine Empire. By studying these conflicts from centuries ago, he gained insights into how they shaped modern-day politics in the region. Lastly, Sir Mark Sykes showcased his interest in anthropology through portraits like "Kastamuni Peasant showing Gallic Type. " This photograph exemplified his curiosity about human diversity and highlighted unique characteristics within various ethnic groups.