Symbiotic Collection

Fly agaric fungi (Amanita muscaria). The mycelium of the fly agaric fungus shares a symbiotic relationship with spruce, forming a mycorrhizal sheath around the roots of the tree

Indonesia, Sulawesi Island, Lembeh Strait. Two Coleman shrimp are commensal with a Ceratosoma nudibranch

Twoband anemonefish (Amphiprion bicinctus) in sea anemone on a coral reef. Anemonefish, also called clownfish, live in association with anemones. Both partners benefit in a mutualistic association

Cup lichen (Cladonia floerkeana)
Lichen fruiting bodies (red). This lichen species is Cladonia floerkeana, found on heaths and moorlands. Lichens are formed from a symbiotic association between a fungus and an alga

Lichen (Teloschistes chrysophthalmus) growing on a blackthorn (Prunus spinosa). Lichens are symbiotic organisms formed of a fungus and an alga that mutually benefit one another

Black anemone fish (Amphiprion melanopus) hidden in the tentacles of a partially bleached sea anemone

False clown anemonefish (Amphiprion ocellaris) amongst anemone tentacles. Photographed in Misool, Raja Empat, West Papua, Indonesia

A delightful illustration featuring a hummingbird on a camellia flower, capturing the harmony of nature's colors and delicate moments

A delightful illustration featuring a hummingbird on a camellia flower, capturing the harmony of nature's colors and delicate moments

A delightful illustration featuring two hummingbirds on a camellia flower, capturing the harmony of nature's colors and delicate moments

A delightful illustration featuring two hummingbirds on a camellia flower, capturing the harmony of nature's colors and delicate moments

A delightful illustration featuring two hummingbirds on a camellia flower, capturing the harmony of nature's colors and delicate moments

A delightful illustration featuring a hummingbird on a camellia flower, capturing the harmony of nature's colors and delicate moments

UW INDO 2021 14
Harlequin Crab - inside Tube Anemone, Cerianthus sp - Batu Niti Slope dive site, Seraya, Karangasem, Bali, Indonesia, Indian Ocean Harlequin Crab - inside Tube Anemone

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Graceful Anemone Shrimp on Fire Anemone (Phyllodiscus sp) - Tanjung Usi 1 dive site, Bangka Island, north Sulawesi, Indonesia, Pacific Ocean Date: 24-03-2016

Red-billed Oxpecker (Buphagus erythrorhynchus) feeding upon Wildebeest, Savuti, Botswanan, Africa

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Giant clam (Tridacna squamosa), scuba diving at night at Koh Bon Bay, Similan Islands Underwater Park, Thailand, SE Asia Date: 12/05/2005

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Giant clam (Tridacna squamosa), scuba diving at night at Koh Bon Bay, Similan Islands Underwater Park, Thailand, SE Asia Date: 12/05/2005

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Giant clam (Tridacna squamosa), scuba diving at night at Koh Bon Bay, Similan Islands Underwater Park, Thailand, SE Asia Date: 12/05/2005

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Two anemonefish swim among poisonous anemone for protection from predators, Raja Ampat Islands, Irian Jaya, West Papua, Indonesia. Date: 12/08/2006

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Indonesia, Sulawesi Island, Lembeh Strait. Bumble-bee shrimp is commensal with this sea cucumber. Date: 19/05/2006

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Indonesia, Sulawesi Island, Lembeh Strait. A swimming crab and bumble-bee shrimp are commensal with this sea cucumber. Date: 19/05/2006

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Indonesia, Sulawesi Island, Lembeh Strait. Two Coleman shrimp are commensal with a Ceratosoma nudibranch. Date: 19/05/2006

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Indonesia, Raja Ampat. Close-up of decorator crab that lives commensally with soft corals and matches color with host. Date: 19/05/2006

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Indonesia, Raja Ampat. A pygmy seahorse lives in association with seafans and matches color of host fan for protection. Date: 19/05/2006

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Anemonefish among poisonous tentacles, Raja Ampat, Indonesia. Date: 19/05/2006

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Indonesia, Raja Ampat. A Clark's anemonefish peeks out from anemone tentacles. Date: 19/05/2006

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Indonesia, Raja Ampat. Cleaner wrasse fish on coral reef. Date: 19/05/2006

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Two Clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris) among anemone tentacles, Raja Ampat, Indonesia. Date: 19/05/2006

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Indonesia, Raja Ampat. Three clownfish swim among anemone tentacles for protection. Date: 19/05/2006

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Indonesia, Raja Ampat. A nudibranch is host to an imperial shrimp while laying an orange ribbon of eggs. Date: 19/05/2006

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Indonesia, Raja Ampat. Close-up of decorator crab that matches its color to its host soft coral. Date: 19/05/2006

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Indonesia, Raja Ampat. Close-up of pygmy seahorse the same coloration as surrounding coral. Date: 19/05/2006

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Indonesia, Raja Ampat. Close-up of pygmy seahorse the same coloration as surrounding coral. Date: 19/05/2006

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Jellyfish (Cnidaria) and juvenile trevally fish (Carangoides ferdau) seeking shelter from predators, Raja Ampat, Indonesia. Date: 19/05/2006

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Indonesia, Raja Ampat. This commensal shrimp often associates with various anemones. Date: 19/05/2006

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Indonesia, Raja Ampat. This goby fish is commensal with many species of marine invertebrates, such as soft coral. Date: 19/05/2006

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Indonesia, Komodo National Park. Wire coral crabs on spiraling wire coral. Date: 19/05/2006

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Indonesia, New Guinea Island, Raja Ampat. Cowry mollusks can match their color to their host soft coral. Date: 19/05/2006

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Indonesia, Komodo National Park. Wire coral crab on spiraling wire coral. Date: 19/05/2006

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Indonesia, Adonara Island. Close-up of invertebrates are commensal with urchins. Date: 19/05/2006

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Indonesia, Pantar Island. This crab is commensal w/ numerous varieties of soft coral Date: 19/05/2006

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Indian Ocean, Indonesia, Sulawesi Island, Lembeh Straits. Two imperial shrimps on a sea cucumber. Date: 11/02/2005

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Indian Ocean, Indonesia, Sulawesi Island, Lembeh Straits. Squat lobster lives commensally with barrel sponges. Date: 11/02/2005

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Indian Ocean, Indonesia, Fakfak, Triton Bay. Close-up of soft-coral goby fish living on soft tree coral. Date: 11/02/2005

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Indian Ocean, Indonesia, Fakfak, Triton Bay. School of striped sweetlips and other fish at coral reef cleaning station. Date: 11/02/2005

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Indian Ocean, Indonesia, Komodo National Park. Adult angelfish being cleaned by small fish. Date: 11/02/2005

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Africa, Namibia, Caprivi Strip, Mahango Game Reserve. A pair of kudu. Date: 26/06/2007

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Coral Commensal Shrimp - camouflaged on Hard Coral, Acropora sp - night dive, Seraya Secrets dive site, Seraya, Karangasem, Bali, Indonesia

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Thirteen Teeth Mantis Shrimp in hole - with Snapping Shrimp, Synalpheus sp - night dive, Seraya Secrets dive site, Seraya, Karangasem, Bali, Indonesia

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Thirteen Teeth Mantis Shrimp in hole - with Snapping Shrimp, Synalpheus sp - night dive, Seraya Secrets dive site, Seraya, Karangasem, Bali, Indonesia

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Coral Shrimp with eggs in coral - Batu Kelebit dive site, Seraya, Karangasem, Bali, Indonesia, Indian Ocean Coral Shrimp with eggs in coral - Batu Kelebit dive site, Seraya, Karangasem, Bali

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Wide-barred Goby - with fin extended with Snapping Shrimp, Alpheus sp - Wreck Slope dive site, Tulamben, Karangasem, Bali, Indonesia

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Lynx Spider on leaf - with Eucharatid parasitic Wasp (Eucharitidae Family) prey - Klungkung, Bali, Indonesia Date: 05-Nov-04

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Emperor Angelfish - being cleaned by a Bluestreak Cleaner Wrasse, Labroides dimidiatus - Pantai Lahar dive site, Seraya, Kubu district, Karangasem, Bali, Indonesia, Indian Ocean Date: 09-Nov-19

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Scissortail Fusilier being cleaned by a Bluestreak Cleaner Wrasse, Labroides dimidiatus - Liberty Wreck dive site, Tulamben, Kubu district, Karangasem, Bali, Indonesia, Indian Ocean Date: 09-Nov-19

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Coral Commensal Shrimp on coral - night dive - Scuba Seraya House Reef dive site, Seraya, Kubu district, Karangasem, Bali, Indonesia, Indian Ocean Date: 08-Nov-19

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Camouflaged Commensal Shrimp - on Crinoid, Comatulida Order - night dive - Scuba Seraya House Reef dive site, Seraya, Kubu district, Karangasem, Bali, Indonesia, Indian Ocean Date: 08-Nov-19

UW INDO 1902 19
Yellownose Shrimpgoby - with Randall's Snapping Shrimp, Alpheus randalli, cleaning hole - Pong Pong dive site, Seraya, Kubu district, Karangasem, Bali, Indonesia, Indian Ocean Date: 08-Nov-19

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Beautiful Hermit Crab - Sedam dive site, Seraya, Kubu district, Karangasem, Bali, Indonesia, Indian Ocean Date: 07-Nov-19

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Harlequin Crab on Amberfish Sea Cucumber (Thelenota anax) - night dive - Murex House Reef dive site, Bangka Island, north Sulawesi, Indonesia, Pacific Ocean Date: 24-03-2016

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Sarasvati Anemone Shrimp in Bubble Coral (Plerogyra sinuosa) - Tiga Batu dive site, Bangka Island, north Sulawesi, Indonesia, Pacific Ocean Date: 24-03-2016

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Long-cirri Phyllodesmium Nudibranch with cerata - with digestive gland ducts connected to zooxanthellae - Muka Linggua dive site, Bangka Island, north Sulawesi, Indonesia

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Wire Coral Crab on Whip Coral (Alcyonacea Order) - Batu Gosoh dive site, Bangka Island, north Sulawesi, Indonesia, Pacific Ocean Date: 24-03-2016

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Ankers Whip Coral Shrimp on Whip Coral (Alcyonacea Order) - Yellow Coco dive site, Bangka Island, north Sulawesi, Indonesia, Pacific Ocean Date: 24-03-2016

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Graceful Anemone Shrimps on Fire Anemone (Phyllodiscus sp) - Tanjung Usi 1 dive site, Bangka Island, north Sulawesi, Indonesia, Pacific Ocean Date: 24-03-2016

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Soft Coral Crab on Glomerate Tree Coral (Dendronephthya sp) - Sabora 1 dive site, Bangka Island, north Sulawesi, Indonesia, Pacific Ocean Date: 24-03-2016

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Pair of Squat Shrimps on Bubble Coral (Plerogyra sinuosa) - Sabora 1 dive site, Bangka Island, north Sulawesi, Indonesia, Pacific Ocean Date: 24-03-2016

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Sponge Isopods on Sponge (Porifera Phylum) - Demak dive site, Bangka Island, north Sulawesi, Indonesia, Pacific Ocean Date: 24-03-2016

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Coral Crab - on coral - TK1 dive site, Lembeh Straits, Sulawesi, Indonesia Date: 25-09-2019

Horse and rider, probably from Boetia, Greek, Archaic Period, c. 550 BC (terracotta)
TFM63464 Horse and rider, probably from Boetia, Greek, Archaic Period, c.550 BC (terracotta) by Greek, (6th century BC); Freud Museum, London

A Word in Your Ear
Lourens Durand

Asclepias curassavica Orange Perennial Annual
Butterfly feeding on Bloodflower, Asclepias curassavica

Bloodflower Asclepias curassavica Orange Perennial
Glass winged butterfly, Greta Oto feeding on Bloodflower, Asclepias curassavica. This butterfly is so called because its wings lack coloured scales and give the impression of glass

Lantana Lantana camara White Evergreen Shrub
Heliconius hecale zuleika butterfly feeding on clustered white flowers of Lantana camara

Asclepias, Asclepias curassavica
Glass winged butterfly, Greta Oto feeding on Bloodflower, Asclepias curassavica. This butterfly is so called because its wings lack coloured scales and give the impression of glass

Butterfly Glass winged butterfly Greta Oto View Side
Glass winged butterfly, Greta Oto on unidentified plant. This butterfly is so called because its wings lack coloured scales and give the impression of glass

Cosmos bipinnatus Sensation Picotee Pink Annual
Single, saucer-shaped flower of Cosmos bipinnatus Sensation Picotee with pinkish white petals irregularly edged in crimson surrounding yellow centre with hoverfly

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Hydrangea cultivar. Bee on cream and pink freckled Hydrangea flowers

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Cutleaf coneflower, Rudbeckia laciniata Herbstsonne. Bumble bee on green central cone of yellow flower

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Inula. Bumble bee on yellow flower of Inula Hookeri. England, West Sussex, Chichester

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Inula. Bumble bee on yellow flower of Inula Hookeri. England, West Sussex, Chichester

Echinacea
Coneflower, Echinacea purpurea. Bees with Purple coneflower with wings in blur of movement. England, West Sussex, Chichester

Lavender, Lavandula augustifolia. Spikes of small, purple blue flowers with Large White
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EDITORS COMMENTS

"Symbiotic Wonders: Nature's Perfect Partnerships" The Twoband anemonefish finds solace in the protective embrace of its host anemone, forming a symbiotic relationship that benefits both. Fly agaric fungi and trees share a fascinating symbiosis, as these vibrant mushrooms provide nutrients to their tree hosts while receiving shelter and support in return. In the depths of Indonesia's Sulawesi Island, the Lembeh Strait reveals a remarkable sight - two Coleman shrimp thriving alongside their commensal partners. Cup lichen (Cladonia floerkeana) showcases nature's harmonious collaboration between algae and fungi, creating stunning patterns on rocks and trees. Lichen (Teloschistes chrysophthalmus) demonstrates its incredible adaptability by forming mutually beneficial relationships with various organisms, including rocks or even other lichens. The False clown anemonefish dances among the tentacles of its host sea anemone, relying on this mutual bond for protection from predators lurking in the ocean depths. Witnessing the majestic Black rhinoceros roaming Africa's plains reminds us of their crucial role in maintaining ecosystems through symbiotic interactions with plants and other animals. Picture No. 11980889 captures a mesmerizing underwater scene where UW INDO 2021 expedition explores intricate coral reefs teeming with diverse marine life engaged in countless symbiotic partnerships. Red-billed Oxpeckers (Buphagus erythrorhynchus) play a vital role as they feed upon parasites infesting Wildebeests in Botswana's Savuti region—a perfect example of mutualism benefiting both species involved. DDE-90025563 & DDE-90025562 showcase captivating images portraying how different organisms rely on each other for survival—highlighting nature's intricate web of interdependence within ecosystems.