Westernization Collection (page 6)

CHINA: BICYCLISTS, c1900. Women bicyclists on a street in China. Watercolor, Ching Dynasty, c1900

LUGGAGE LABEL, c1900. Raffles Hotel, Singapore

RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR, c1906. The Mikados soldiers behind a entrenchment, Manchuria, China. Stereograph, c1906

RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR, c1905. Japanese soldiers on a beach in Manchuria, China. Stereograph, c1905

RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR, c1905. Damage from the bombardment of Japanese shells in Port Arthur, China. Stereograph, c1905

RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR, 1904. The Japanese Second Army landing on the Liaodong Peninsula (Manchuria), prompting the Russian troops to flee on 5 May 1904. Color lithograph by Hannosuke Kuroki, 1904

RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR, 1904. Japanese battleships bombarding Russian battleships in a surprise naval assault on the Russian fleet at Lushun Bay, Port Arthur, China. Color lithograph, 1904

RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR, c1904. Sailors on a Japanese battleship firing on a Russian battleship during the surprise naval attack on the Russian fleet at Lushun Bay, Port Arthur, China

PERRYs EXPEDITION TO JAPAN American Commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry and his men are entertained in Yokohama, March 1854. Japanese color woodcut, c1875

EMPEROR MUTSUHITO (1852-1912). Emperor of Japan (1867-1912): oil over a photograph

MATTHEW CALBRAITH PERRY (1794-1858). American naval officer. Japanese woodcut, c1853-54

PERRY IN JAPAN, 1852-54. Commodore Matthew Calbraith Perrys expedition to Japan, 1852-54. Commodore Perry paying his farewell visit to the imperial commissioners at Simoda. Lithograph, American, 1855

MUTSUHITO (1852-1912). Reign name Meiji. Emperor of Japan, 1867-1912

PERRYs EXPEDITION TO JAPAN Matthew Calbraith Perry (1794-1858). American naval officer. Commodore Perrys expedition to Japan, 1852-54. Lithograph, American, 1855

LI YUAN-HUNG (1864-1928). President of the Republic of China. Lithograph, Chinese, 1916

CHANG AND ENG (1811-1874). The original Siamese Twins. Photographed by Mathew Brady

PHILLIPPINES: COLONIALISM. An American officer at the Manila Army and Navy Club, built, 1911, by the US Army Corps of Engineers. Photograph, c1912

JAPAN: RED CROSS, c1905. A Western Red Cross worker poses with two Japanese women in a garden. Stereograph view, c1905

BOOKPLATE, 1872. Tokyo Library bookplate, c1872

SIOUX SCOUT. Womans Dress, an Oglala Sioux scout. Photograph, 19th century

INDIA: POSTAGE STAMP. An early two-colored stamp, issued by the British colonial authorities in India, 1853

CHINESE IMMIGRANTS. A family outing in San Franciscos Chinatown: photographed, c. 1890, by Arnold Genthe

A battle during the Sino Japanese War between Chinese soldiers and Japanese General Major Odera in a snowstorm at
SINO JAPANESE WAR, c1895. A battle during the Sino Japanese War between Chinese soldiers and Japanese General Major Odera in a snowstorm at Weihaiwei Bay, resulting in Oderas death

A battle during the Sino Japanese War between Chinese soldiers and Japanese General Major Odera on horseback in a
SINO JAPANESE WAR, c1895. A battle during the Sino Japanese War between Chinese soldiers and Japanese General Major Odera on horseback in a snowstorm at Weihaiwei Bay, resulting in Oderas death

The sinking of the Chinese ship Kow-Shing by Japanese men-of-war, July 1894
SINO-JAPANESE WAR, 1894-5. The sinking of the Chinese ship Kow-Shing by Japanese men-of-war, July 1894. Illustration by a Chinese artist for an English newspaper, 1894

Naval battle between Japanese (with square flags) and Chinese (with pennant flags) men-of-war on 25 July 1894
SINO-JAPANESE WAR, 1894-95. Naval battle between Japanese (with square flags) and Chinese (with pennant flags) men-of-war on 25 July 1894

A makeshift food market at the gate of a Buddhist temple in or near Tokyo, Japan
TOKYO EARTHQUAKE, 1923. A makeshift food market at the gate of a Buddhist temple in or near Tokyo, Japan, in the aftermath of the great earthquake that struck the Kanto plain on 1 September 1923

The Great Buddha of Kamakura, a bronze statue cast in 1252. Photograph, July 1900
JAPAN: DAIBUTSU. The Great Buddha of Kamakura, a bronze statue cast in 1252. Photograph, July 1900, by an unidentified Danish photographer

The Second Bengal Light Infantry, under British command, charging the Burmese village of Minhla
THIRD BURMESE WAR, 1885. The Second Bengal Light Infantry, under British command, charging the Burmese village of Minhla. Wood engraving, English, 1885

British and Indian troops battling Burmese insurgents, or Dacoits, at Chinbyint in 1887. Wood engraving, English, 1887
BURMESE EXPEDITION, 1887. British and Indian troops battling Burmese insurgents, or Dacoits, at Chinbyint in 1887. Wood engraving, English, 1887

(1891-1977). American aviator, flight instructor and mail carrier. Known on the exhibition circuit as the Flying
KATHERINE STINSON (1891-1977). American aviator, flight instructor and mail carrier. Known on the exhibition circuit as the Flying Schoolgirl. Photographed with crowd of fans in Japan, 1917

Japanese commander, Major General Fukushima, standing with a British commander and other officers
CHINA: BOXER REBELLION. Japanese commander, Major General Fukushima, standing with a British commander and other officers, as the allied troops attack the walled city of Tianjin, China

The Japanese cavalry advancing through fields toward a walled city in China
CHINA: BOXER REBELLION. The Japanese cavalry advancing through fields toward a walled city in China. Color lithograph by Ishimatsu Nakajima, 1900

The Great Bell of Mingoon with a group of Buddhist monks posed in front of it and a guard standing to the right
BURMA: BUDDHIST MONKS. The Great Bell of Mingoon with a group of Buddhist monks posed in front of it and a guard standing to the right, at the temple in Mingoon, Burma. Stereograph, c1907

Luggage label from the Hong Kong Hotel in China, early 20th century
LUGGAGE LABEL. Luggage label from the Hong Kong Hotel in China, early 20th century

A Japanese Red Cross nurse tending to Russian soldiers wounded in battle at Chemulpo (Incheon), Korean Peninsula
RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR, 1904. A Japanese Red Cross nurse tending to Russian soldiers wounded in battle at Chemulpo (Incheon), Korean Peninsula, 9 February 1904

Chinese statesman and revolutionary leader. Oil over a photograph, 19th century
SUN YAT-SEN (1866-1925). Chinese statesman and revolutionary leader. Oil over a photograph, 19th century

Native American students photographed after arriving at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Carlisle
CARLISLE SCHOOL STUDENTS. Native American students photographed after arriving at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, late 19th or early 20th century

A Japanese sumo wrestler defeats a foreign opponent in Yokohama. Woodblock print, 1861, by Ipposai Hoto
JAPAN: SUMO WRESTLING. A Japanese sumo wrestler defeats a foreign opponent in Yokohama. Woodblock print, 1861, by Ipposai Hoto

American naval officer of Commodore Matthew Perrys expedition to Japan. Paper screen, Japanese, 1854
JAPAN: PERRY EXPEDITION. American naval officer of Commodore Matthew Perrys expedition to Japan. Paper screen, Japanese, 1854

A Japanese cartoon showing Chinese military tactics. Color woodcut by Kobayashi Kiyochika, c1895
JAPANESE CARTOON, c1895. A Japanese cartoon showing Chinese military tactics. Color woodcut by Kobayashi Kiyochika, c1895

A portrait of the Meiji Emperor of Japan and his imperial family. Chromolithograph by Torajiro Kasai, c1900
JAPAN: IMPERIAL FAMILY. A portrait of the Meiji Emperor of Japan and his imperial family. Chromolithograph by Torajiro Kasai, c1900

An American family at Yokohama. Japanese woodblock print, 1861
JAPAN: AMERICANS, 1861. An American family at Yokohama. Japanese woodblock print, 1861

A cat representing a Japanese battleship is chasing two rats representing Chinese battleships into a bag
SINO-JAPANESE WAR, 1895. A cat representing a Japanese battleship is chasing two rats representing Chinese battleships into a bag. Woodcut, 1895, by Kiyochika Kobayashi

Minstrel show presented by Commodore Matthew Perry for Japanese diplomats. Color drawing, Japanese, 1854
JAPAN: MINSTREL SHOW, 1854. Minstrel show presented by Commodore Matthew Perry for Japanese diplomats. Color drawing, Japanese, 1854

American naval vessels anchored in the harbor at Uraga, Japan at the time of Commodore Matthew C. Perrys expedition
JAPAN: MATTHEW PERRY, 1854. American naval vessels anchored in the harbor at Uraga, Japan at the time of Commodore Matthew C. Perrys expedition. Color drawing, Japanese, 1854

Japanese Second Army destroying a bridge at Pu-lan-tien during the Russo-Japanese War
RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR, c1904. Japanese Second Army destroying a bridge at Pu-lan-tien during the Russo-Japanese War. Chromolithograph by Hannosuke Kuroki, c1904

A satirical Japanese cartoon depicting a giant Japanese soldier standing on top of China
SINO-JAPANESE WAR, c1895. A satirical Japanese cartoon depicting a giant Japanese soldier standing on top of China and blowing away flimsy Chinese structures

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"Westernization: A Journey of Cultural Transformation" In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Japan found itself at a crossroads, torn between tradition and progress. The woodcut by Kiyochika Kobayashi depicts a powerful metaphor of this struggle, with a whale representing Western influence devouring three fish symbolizing Japan's sailors. It captures the impact of Western ideas on Japanese society during this transformative era. The Boxer Rebellion in 1900 marked another significant moment in Japan's path towards modernization. British and Japanese troops joined forces to confront the Boxers in Tianjin, showcasing their growing military prowess as they engaged in battle together. This collaboration reflected Japan's increasing alignment with Western powers. Ueno Park became an emblematic stage for change during the Second National Industrial Exhibition of 1881. Woodblock prints from that time vividly depict the exhibition's grandeur, highlighting technological advancements brought about by embracing Western industrial practices. These displays showcased Japan's determination to catch up with its Western counterparts. Emperor Mutsuhito played a crucial role in guiding his nation through these tumultuous times. As depicted in historical imagery, he personally handed flags to his troops—a symbolic gesture representing unity and loyalty towards embracing Western ideals while preserving Japanese traditions. However, not all views were supportive of this transformational journey. American cartoonist D. R Fitzpatrick captured concerns over Japan's expansionism into Asia through his piece "Piece by Piece. " It foreshadowed the second Sino-Japanese War while reflecting anxieties surrounding territorial ambitions fueled by adopting Western ways. Meanwhile, China also experienced its own clash with modernity during the Boxer Rebellion when Japanese troops burst through gates to engage their opponents head-on—an event that further highlighted how different nations grappled with similar challenges posed by globalization. The Russo-Japanese War of 1905 proved pivotal for both countries involved; it was fought fiercely until President Theodore Roosevelt's peacemaking efforts brought about an end.