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The Portuguese succession crisis of 1580. The fall of Lisbon
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The Portuguese succession crisis of 1580. The fall of Lisbon
The Portuguese succession crisis of 1580. The fall of Lisbon. Fernando Alvarez de Toledo y Pimentel (1507-1582), 3rd Duke of Alba and supreme commander in Portugal in 1580, defeated Antonio I of Portugal in the Battle of Alcantara and reduced Portugal to the subjection of Philip II of Spain. Colored engraving
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Media ID 14326676
© Thaliastock / Mary Evans
1580 Alba Alvarez Besiege Besieged Conquest Crisis Defeat Defeated Dynastic Fernando Fight Fighters Governor Iron Lisbon Philip Pimentel Portugal Portuguese Siege Succession Tercios Toledo
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EDITORS COMMENTS
This engraving depicts a pivotal moment in European history: the fall of Lisbon during the Portuguese succession crisis of 1580. In the foreground, Fernando Alvarez de Toledo y Pimentel, the 3rd Duke of Alba and supreme commander in Portugal for King Philip II of Spain, stands triumphantly on his horse, observing the defeated Portuguese forces under Antonio I, who surrendered after the Battle of Alcantara. The Duke, dressed in full armor and holding a sword, embodies the military might and determination of the Spanish Tercios, which played a decisive role in the conquest. The Portuguese succession crisis erupted when King Sebastian of Portugal died without an heir in 1578, leading to a power vacuum and a series of conflicts between various claimants. Philip II of Spain, who saw an opportunity to expand his empire, sent Alba to Portugal to secure the throne for his daughter, Isabella. The fall of Lisbon, Portugal's capital, marked the beginning of the end for Portuguese independence and the start of a long period of Spanish rule. This engraving, created during the modern age, offers a vivid and detailed depiction of the era's military tactics and the grandeur of the Spanish and Portuguese armies. The use of color adds depth and drama to the scene, making it a captivating historical document and an essential addition to any collection of European history or military art.
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