Illustration showing Koenigsberg heliometer
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Illustration showing Koenigsberg heliometer
Illustration showing the Koenigsberg heliometer, an intrument designed by Friedrich Bessel, director of the Koenigsberg observatory, and built for him by Joseph von Fraunhofer. A heliometer is a refracting telescope in which the objective lens is divided into two parts, each half producing a separate image. The two halves of the objective can be moved to bring the two images together. The amount of movement needed is used to determine the size of an object or the separation of two different objects. Bessel used this instrument to measure the first stellar parallax, that of the faint star 61 Cygni. From this he could calculate its distance; about six light years from Earth
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Media ID 6451987
© DR JEREMY BURGESS/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY
EDITORS COMMENTS
This print showcases the remarkable Koenigsberg heliometer, an extraordinary instrument designed by Friedrich Bessel and built by Joseph von Fraunhofer. The heliometer, a refracting telescope with a divided objective lens, revolutionized astronomical measurements during its time. The illustration vividly portrays the intricate design of this historical equipment used at the Koenigsberg observatory. By producing two separate images through its divided lens, the heliometer allowed astronomers to measure the size of celestial objects or determine their separation. This groundbreaking invention paved the way for significant advancements in our understanding of space. One notable achievement accomplished using this very instrument was Bessel's measurement of stellar parallax—the first ever recorded—specifically that of 61 Cygni, a faint star depicted in this image. Through meticulous calculations based on this parallax measurement, Bessel successfully determined that 61 Cygni is located approximately six light years away from Earth—an astonishing revelation at that time. As we delve into the rich history of astronomy and scientific progress, it is fascinating to witness how instruments like the Koenigsberg heliometer played an instrumental role in unraveling mysteries beyond our planet's boundaries. This awe-inspiring print serves as a testament to human curiosity and ingenuity within the realm of astronomical exploration.
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