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Four Humors with their animals

Four Humors with their animals


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Four Humors with their animals

The Four Humors with their representative animals. Choleric, with lion: Sanguine, with ape: Phlegmatic, with sheep: Melancholic, with pig. Woodcut from an early 16th century edition of the " Shepheards Kalendar". Hippocrates of Cos (active c400 BC) thought behavior and temperament were due to balance, or imbalance, of the four humors in the body

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Media ID 9714099

© Universal History Archive

16th Century Allegorical Painting Ancient Greece Four Animals Four People Headdress Healthcare And Medicine Illustration Technique Lion Looking Away Sanguine Sheep Star Shape Woodcut Choleric Hippocrates Melancholic Phlegmatic


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> Animals > Mammals > Bovidae > Sheep

> Animals > Mammals > Cats (Wild) > Lion

> Europe > Greece > Paintings

> Universal Images Group (UIG) > Universal Images Group > Universal History Archive > Outdoors


EDITORS COMMENTS
This woodcut print from an early 16th century edition of the "Shepheards Kalendar" depicts the Four Humors with their representative animals, offering a glimpse into ancient beliefs about behavior and temperament. Hippocrates of Cos, an influential figure in ancient Greece around 400 BC, theorized that one's disposition was determined by the balance or imbalance of these four humors within the body. In this full-length illustration, we see four individuals embodying each humor alongside their corresponding animal companions. The choleric humor is represented by a man standing tall with a lion at his side, symbolizing power and dominance. The sanguine humor is depicted through another man accompanied by an ape, reflecting liveliness and sociability. Next to them stands a phlegmatic individual holding onto a sheep, representing calmness and tranquility. Lastly, we witness a melancholic figure accompanied by a pig—a creature often associated with sadness and introspection. The artist skillfully captures the essence of these temperaments through intricate details such as headdresses and allegorical painting techniques. This horizontal composition allows us to observe all four people looking away in contemplation while surrounded by nature's beauty. As we admire this historical artwork steeped in symbolism and cultural significance, it serves as a reminder of how our understanding of healthcare and medicine has evolved over time.

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