Fraud Blocker Skip to main content

Home > Europe > France > Canton > Marne

Marne Collection (page 3)

Marne is a canton located in the northeastern region of France, and is part of the Champagne-Ardenne region and borders Belgium to the north

1,934 items

Background imageMarne Collection: Menhir of Haute-Borne, France. By Baron Isidore Taylor (1789 - 1879), French traveller and author

Menhir of Haute-Borne, France. By Baron Isidore Taylor (1789 - 1879), French traveller and author, 1857 (drawing)
5669417 Menhir of Haute-Borne, France. By Baron Isidore Taylor (1789 - 1879), French traveller and author, 1857 (drawing); Universal History Archive/UIG

Background imageMarne Collection: Castle of Saint-Dizier, France. By Baron Isidore Taylor (1789 - 1879)

Castle of Saint-Dizier, France. By Baron Isidore Taylor (1789 - 1879), French traveller and author, 1857 (drawing)
5669391 Castle of Saint-Dizier, France. By Baron Isidore Taylor (1789 - 1879), French traveller and author, 1857 (drawing); (add.info)

Background imageMarne Collection: France, Ile-de-France, Seine-et-Marne (77), Fontainebleau: 15 April 1900

France, Ile-de-France, Seine-et-Marne (77), Fontainebleau: 15 April 1900, Courtyard du cheval blanc with couple
LUX4777106 France, Ile-de-France, Seine-et-Marne (77), Fontainebleau: 15 April 1900, Courtyard du cheval blanc with couple tourists, 1900; (add.info.: France, Ile-de-France, Seine-et-Marne (77)

Background imageMarne Collection: View of impals by Nogent le Bas en Haute-Marne - postcard 1910 ca Private collection

View of impals by Nogent le Bas en Haute-Marne - postcard 1910 ca Private collection
ELD4937312 View of impals by Nogent le Bas en Haute-Marne - postcard 1910 ca Private collection; (add.info.: View of impals by Nogent le Bas en Haute-Marne - postcard 1910 ca Private collection)

Background imageMarne Collection: France, Ile-de-France, Seine-et-Marne (77), Fontainebleau: La croix du Calvaire, 1870

France, Ile-de-France, Seine-et-Marne (77), Fontainebleau: La croix du Calvaire, 1870
LUX4716192 France, Ile-de-France, Seine-et-Marne (77), Fontainebleau: La croix du Calvaire, 1870; (add.info.: France, Ile-de-France, Seine-et-Marne (77), Fontainebleau: La croix du Calvaire

Background imageMarne Collection: France, Champagne-Ardenne, Marne (51), Reims: The facade of the cathedrale Notre Dame de Reims, 1880

France, Champagne-Ardenne, Marne (51), Reims: The facade of the cathedrale Notre Dame de Reims, 1880
LUX4721579 France, Champagne-Ardenne, Marne (51), Reims: The facade of the cathedrale Notre Dame de Reims, 1880; (add.info.: France, Champagne-Ardenne, Marne (51)

Background imageMarne Collection: France, Champagne-Ardenne, Haute-Marne (52), Langres: La porte des moulins (1647), 1885

France, Champagne-Ardenne, Haute-Marne (52), Langres: La porte des moulins (1647), 1885
LUX4704812 France, Champagne-Ardenne, Haute-Marne (52), Langres: La porte des moulins (1647), 1885; (add.info.: France, Champagne-Ardenne, Haute-Marne (52), Langres: La porte des moulins (1647)

Background imageMarne Collection: France, Champagne-Ardenne, Haute-Marne (52), langres: Le colombier militaire, 1885

France, Champagne-Ardenne, Haute-Marne (52), langres: Le colombier militaire, 1885
LUX4704793 France, Champagne-Ardenne, Haute-Marne (52), langres: Le colombier militaire, 1885; (add.info.: France, Champagne-Ardenne, Haute-Marne (52), langres: Le colombier militaire

Background imageMarne Collection: France, Ile-de-France, Seine-et-Marne (77), Fontainebleau: Les Heronnieres

France, Ile-de-France, Seine-et-Marne (77), Fontainebleau: Les Heronnieres, former Chateau stables, 1880
LUX4702508 France, Ile-de-France, Seine-et-Marne (77), Fontainebleau: Les Heronnieres, former Chateau stables, 1880; (add.info.: France, Ile-de-France, Seine-et-Marne (77)

Background imageMarne Collection: Renaissance architecture: general view of the Chapel of the Trinity

Renaissance architecture: general view of the Chapel of the Trinity. The vault was designed by the painter Martin
JEB4961886 Renaissance architecture: general view of the Chapel of the Trinity. The vault was designed by the painter Martin Freminet (1567-1619)

Background imageMarne Collection: Portrait of Henri II (1518-1559) at the castle of Fontainebleau en Seine et Marne

Portrait of Henri II (1518-1559) at the castle of Fontainebleau en Seine et Marne
ELD4964840 Portrait of Henri II (1518-1559) at the castle of Fontainebleau en Seine et Marne (Henri II at the castle of Fontainebleau)

Background imageMarne Collection: France, Ile-de-France, Seine-et-Marne (77), Fontainebleau: the forest and the rocks

France, Ile-de-France, Seine-et-Marne (77), Fontainebleau: the forest and the rocks, 5 mountaineers in the cordee, 1900
LUX4771276 France, Ile-de-France, Seine-et-Marne (77), Fontainebleau: the forest and the rocks, 5 mountaineers in the cordee, 1900; (add.info.: France, Ile-de-France, Seine-et-Marne (77)

Background imageMarne Collection: Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) meets Pope Pius VII (1742-1823)

Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) meets Pope Pius VII (1742-1823) on the road to Fontainebleau on 25 November 1804
ELD4942362 Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) meets Pope Pius VII (1742-1823) on the road to Fontainebleau on 25 November 1804 (Napoleon and pope Pius VII came in France for the sacre of the emperor)

Background imageMarne Collection: France, Champagne-Ardenne, Marne (51), Reims: Factory of manufacture of Champagne Saint Marceaux

France, Champagne-Ardenne, Marne (51), Reims: Factory of manufacture of Champagne Saint Marceaux and company
LUX4801285 France, Champagne-Ardenne, Marne (51), Reims: Factory of manufacture of Champagne Saint Marceaux and company, arriving empty bottles in front of one of the cellars

Background imageMarne Collection: France, Champagne-Ardenne, Marne (51), Reims: General view of the Champagne Saint Marceaux

France, Champagne-Ardenne, Marne (51), Reims: General view of the Champagne Saint Marceaux manufacturing plant
LUX4801270 France, Champagne-Ardenne, Marne (51), Reims: General view of the Champagne Saint Marceaux manufacturing plant and company with the start of horse carts loads of champagne cases

Background imageMarne Collection: France, Champagne-Ardenne, Marne (51), Reims: Factory of manufacture of Champagne Saint Marceaux

France, Champagne-Ardenne, Marne (51), Reims: Factory of manufacture of Champagne Saint Marceaux and company
LUX4801369 France, Champagne-Ardenne, Marne (51), Reims: Factory of manufacture of Champagne Saint Marceaux and company, bouchonnerie, 1890 - photo by Rothier; (add.info.: France, Champagne-Ardenne)

Background imageMarne Collection: Trigny, Marne (51): A non-commissioned officer of the 12th regiment poses in front of a log

Trigny, Marne (51): A non-commissioned officer of the 12th regiment poses in front of a log
LUX4816591 Trigny, Marne (51): A non-commissioned officer of the 12th regiment poses in front of a log and sandbag shelter next to a soldier mask covered with a cap of the 12th regiment

Background imageMarne Collection: France, Champagne-Ardennes, Marne (51), Reims: October 1899, left side gate of the cathedrale

France, Champagne-Ardennes, Marne (51), Reims: October 1899, left side gate of the cathedrale Notre-Dame (Notre Dame)
LUX4784768 France, Champagne-Ardennes, Marne (51), Reims: October 1899, left side gate of the cathedrale Notre-Dame (Notre Dame); (add.info.: France, Champagne-Ardennes, Marne (51)

Background imageMarne Collection: France, Ile-de-France, Seine-et-Marne (77), Beaumont du Gatinais (Beaumont-du-Gatinais): August 1899

France, Ile-de-France, Seine-et-Marne (77), Beaumont du Gatinais (Beaumont-du-Gatinais): August 1899
LUX4784716 France, Ile-de-France, Seine-et-Marne (77), Beaumont du Gatinais (Beaumont-du-Gatinais): August 1899, gate of the cafe

Background imageMarne Collection: France, Ile-de-France, Seine-et-Marne (77), Beaumont du Gatinais (Beaumont-du-Gatinais): August 1899

France, Ile-de-France, Seine-et-Marne (77), Beaumont du Gatinais (Beaumont-du-Gatinais): August 1899
LUX4784705 France, Ile-de-France, Seine-et-Marne (77), Beaumont du Gatinais (Beaumont-du-Gatinais): August 1899, soldiers rest after dinner in the yard of the farm; (add.info.: France, Ile-de-France)

Background imageMarne Collection: France, Champagne-Ardennes, Marne (51), Trigny: August 1917, First World War

France, Champagne-Ardennes, Marne (51), Trigny: August 1917, First World War
LUX4803608 France, Champagne-Ardennes, Marne (51), Trigny: August 1917, First World War, an observation balloon in swelling phase held by soldiers, close-up

Background imageMarne Collection: France, Champagne-Ardennes, Marne (51), Trigny: August 1917, First World War

France, Champagne-Ardennes, Marne (51), Trigny: August 1917, First World War
LUX4803657 France, Champagne-Ardennes, Marne (51), Trigny: August 1917, First World War, an observation balloon in swelling phase held by soldiers, close-up

Background imageMarne Collection: Eglise Saint-Etienne, Vignory, France. Altarpiece, 15th century

Eglise Saint-Etienne, Vignory, France. Altarpiece, 15th century, detail: Christ appearing to Magdalene
7419564 Eglise Saint-Etienne, Vignory, France. Altarpiece, 15th century, detail: Christ appearing to Magdalene, the Entombment (polychrome); (add.info.: Eglise Saint-Etienne, Vignory, France)

Background imageMarne Collection: Eglise Saint-Etienne, Vignory, France. Altarpiece, 15th century

Eglise Saint-Etienne, Vignory, France. Altarpiece, 15th century, detail: Christ appearing to Magdalene
7419565 Eglise Saint-Etienne, Vignory, France. Altarpiece, 15th century, detail: Christ appearing to Magdalene, the Entombment (polychrome); (add.info.: Eglise Saint-Etienne, Vignory, France)

Background imageMarne Collection: Eglise Saint-Etienne, Vignory, France. Altarpiece, 15th century (polychrome)

Eglise Saint-Etienne, Vignory, France. Altarpiece, 15th century (polychrome)
7419561 Eglise Saint-Etienne, Vignory, France. Altarpiece, 15th century (polychrome); © Paul Maeyaert. All rights reserved 2024

Background imageMarne Collection: Eglise Saint-Etienne, Vignory, France. Altarpiece, 15th century (polychrome)

Eglise Saint-Etienne, Vignory, France. Altarpiece, 15th century (polychrome)
7419560 Eglise Saint-Etienne, Vignory, France. Altarpiece, 15th century (polychrome); © Paul Maeyaert. All rights reserved 2024

Background imageMarne Collection: Eglise Saint-Etienne, Vignory, France. Altarpiece, 15th century (polychrome)

Eglise Saint-Etienne, Vignory, France. Altarpiece, 15th century (polychrome)
7419557 Eglise Saint-Etienne, Vignory, France. Altarpiece, 15th century (polychrome); © Paul Maeyaert. All rights reserved 2024

Background imageMarne Collection: Statue of the Queen of Sheba, 19th century (sculpture)

Statue of the Queen of Sheba, 19th century (sculpture)
8617793 Statue of the Queen of Sheba, 19th century (sculpture); Cite de l'architecture et du patrimoine, Paris, France; (add.info.: Statue of the Queen of Sheba)

Background imageMarne Collection: Ruins of the town of Cormicy, Marne, 1917

Ruins of the town of Cormicy, Marne, 1917
1758315 Ruins of the town of Cormicy, Marne, 1917; (add.info.: Ruins of the town of Cormicy, Marne, 1917); Photo: Tallandier

Background imageMarne Collection: Fismes (Marne, France) : bridge over the Vesle river destroyed by French Engineers on september 2

Fismes (Marne, France) : bridge over the Vesle river destroyed by French Engineers on september 2, 1914
1759529 Fismes (Marne, France) : bridge over the Vesle river destroyed by French Engineers on september 2, 1914; (add.info.: Fismes (Marne)

Background imageMarne Collection: Children are eating in a school canteen in the town of Ay in Marne about 1900-1910

Children are eating in a school canteen in the town of Ay in Marne about 1900-1910
1751144 Children are eating in a school canteen in the town of Ay in Marne about 1900-1910; (add.info.: Children are eating in a school canteen in the town of Ay in Marne about 1900-1910); Photo

Background imageMarne Collection: Gaston Doumergue, president of the French council with the general Dubail gives some war cross

Gaston Doumergue, president of the French council with the general Dubail gives some war cross
1750185 Gaston Doumergue, president of the French council with the general Dubail gives some war cross and military medals to some Muslim soldiers during a visit to the hospital of the colonial

Background imageMarne Collection: Landaulet cab in 1913 (it was among the requisitionned vehicles during the Marne cab operation in)

Landaulet cab in 1913 (it was among the requisitionned vehicles during the Marne cab operation in september 1914)
1749759 Landaulet cab in 1913 (it was among the requisitionned vehicles during the Marne cab operation in september 1914); (add.info)

Background imageMarne Collection: Les deux premiers corps de l'armee du general Ducrot passent la Marne sur les ponts de bateaux

Les deux premiers corps de l'armee du general Ducrot passent la Marne sur les ponts de bateaux (engraving)
8650662 Les deux premiers corps de l'armee du general Ducrot passent la Marne sur les ponts de bateaux (engraving) by French School

Background imageMarne Collection: Coronation Of Charles V, King Of France, Called The Wise, May 1364. From Les Artes Au Moyen Age

Coronation Of Charles V, King Of France, Called The Wise, May 1364. From Les Artes Au Moyen Age
UIG5420240 Coronation Of Charles V, King Of France, Called The Wise, May 1364. From Les Artes Au Moyen Age, Published Paris 1873 (engraving)

Background imageMarne Collection: Meaux, Seine and Marne (77), Ile de France, France, Portrait of two blind shaking hands in front

Meaux, Seine and Marne (77), Ile de France, France, Portrait of two blind shaking hands in front of a painted
LUX4731376 Meaux, Seine and Marne (77), Ile de France, France, Portrait of two blind shaking hands in front of a painted background, 1872; (add.info.: Meaux, Seine and Marne (77), Ile de France

Background imageMarne Collection: View of Nogent sur Marne (Nogent-sur-Marne) Val de Marne Postcard around 1910 Private collection

View of Nogent sur Marne (Nogent-sur-Marne) Val de Marne Postcard around 1910 Private collection
ELD4944776 View of Nogent sur Marne (Nogent-sur-Marne) Val de Marne Postcard around 1910 Private collection; (add.info.: View of Nogent sur Marne (Nogent-sur-Marne)

Background imageMarne Collection: Postcard, in N & B, 1914_9: Battle of the Marne Assault of the Gare de la Vaux-Marie - War of 14

Postcard, in N & B, 1914_9: Battle of the Marne Assault of the Gare de la Vaux-Marie - War of 14 -18, Photography
ICA4948062 Postcard, in N & B, 1914_9: Battle of the Marne Assault of the Gare de la Vaux-Marie - War of 14 -18, Photography, Fighting, Marne - Soldiers; (add.info.: Postcard, in N & B)

Background imageMarne Collection: Postcard, in Colors, 1923: Reims La Cathedrale - War of 14 -18, Destruction buildings, Reims

Postcard, in Colors, 1923: Reims La Cathedrale - War of 14 -18, Destruction buildings, Reims
ICA4839266 Postcard, in Colors, 1923: Reims La Cathedrale - War of 14 -18, Destruction buildings, Reims; (add.info.: Postcard, in Colors, 1923: Reims La Cathedrale - War of 14 -18)

Background imageMarne Collection: Postcard, N & B: In the Marne Infantry Company - War of 14 -18, Photography, Infantry, Marne

Postcard, N & B: In the Marne Infantry Company - War of 14 -18, Photography, Infantry, Marne
ICA4837370 Postcard, N & B: In the Marne Infantry Company - War of 14 -18, Photography, Infantry, Marne, English Language - Soldiers; (add.info.: Postcard)

Background imageMarne Collection: View of the bridge of the marne in Epernay, Marne - postcard 1910 ca Private collection

View of the bridge of the marne in Epernay, Marne - postcard 1910 ca Private collection
ELD4937588 View of the bridge of the marne in Epernay, Marne - postcard 1910 ca Private collection; (add.info.: View of the bridge of the marne in Epernay)

Background imageMarne Collection: Trigny, Marne (51): Interior of the NCO shelter with candle and bed, 1917

Trigny, Marne (51): Interior of the NCO shelter with candle and bed, 1917
LUX4816580 Trigny, Marne (51): Interior of the NCO shelter with candle and bed, 1917; (add.info.: Trigny, Marne (51): Interior of the NCO shelter with candle and bed, 1917); Photo © Lux-in-Fine

Background imageMarne Collection: France, Ile-de-France, Seine-et-Marne (77), Fontainebleau: Visit of the Chateau

France, Ile-de-France, Seine-et-Marne (77), Fontainebleau: Visit of the Chateau
LUX4765494 France, Ile-de-France, Seine-et-Marne (77), Fontainebleau: Visit of the Chateau. Women in hats, men in jackets and bicorns, 1900; (add.info.: France, Ile-de-France, Seine-et-Marne (77)

Background imageMarne Collection: The church of Saint-Martin de Bezannes is a Romanesque church built from the eleventh to

The church of Saint-Martin de Bezannes is a Romanesque church built from the eleventh to the sixteenth century
5616865 The church of Saint-Martin de Bezannes is a Romanesque church built from the eleventh to the sixteenth century. It is located in Bezannes near Reims, in the French department of Marne

Background imageMarne Collection: Cathedral district in Reims after the bombing 1914-18 (postcard)

Cathedral district in Reims after the bombing 1914-18 (postcard)
PCT5618093 Cathedral district in Reims after the bombing 1914-18 (postcard); (add.info.: First world war 1914 - 1918 (Great war 14-18)

Background imageMarne Collection: The church of Binson, in the commune of Chatillon-sur-Marne, in the Marne, France

The church of Binson, in the commune of Chatillon-sur-Marne, in the Marne, France
5616824 The church of Binson, in the commune of Chatillon-sur-Marne, in the Marne, France. 1857, Illustrated in Voyages pittoresques et romantiques

Background imageMarne Collection: Basilique Saint-Jean-Baptiste, Chaumont, France. Interior. Mural Martyrdom of Saint Hippolyte

Basilique Saint-Jean-Baptiste, Chaumont, France. Interior. Mural Martyrdom of Saint Hippolyte. 1549 (painting)
7419624 Basilique Saint-Jean-Baptiste, Chaumont, France. Interior. Mural Martyrdom of Saint Hippolyte. 1549 (painting); © Paul Maeyaert. All rights reserved 2024

Background imageMarne Collection: France, Ile-de-France, Seine-et-Marne (77), Beaumont du Gatinais (Beaumont-du-Gatinais): August 1899

France, Ile-de-France, Seine-et-Marne (77), Beaumont du Gatinais (Beaumont-du-Gatinais): August 1899
LUX4784709 France, Ile-de-France, Seine-et-Marne (77), Beaumont du Gatinais (Beaumont-du-Gatinais): August 1899, non-commissioned officers of the 4th pose with a family in a farm yard; (add.info)



All Professionally Made to Order for Quick Shipping



-

Marne Collection

Marne is a canton located in the northeastern region of France, and is part of the Champagne-Ardenne region and borders Belgium to the north, Luxembourg to the east, and Germany to the northeast. The capital city is Châlons-en-Champagne, which is also home to Marne's largest university. The area has a rich history and culture that dates back centuries, with many historical sites such as churches, castles, and monuments scattered throughout its landscape. It also boasts some of France's most beautiful countryside scenery with rolling hillsides covered in vineyards and forests. With its charming villages and bustling cities alike, it offers something for everyone from outdoor enthusiasts to art lovers alike.
+

Our beautiful Wall Art and Photo Gifts include Framed Prints, Photo Prints, Poster Prints, Canvas Prints, Jigsaw Puzzles, Metal Prints and so much more

The Marne collection from Media Storehouse offers a wide range of high-quality wall art, framed prints, photo prints, canvas prints, jigsaw puzzles and greeting cards. Our collection features stunning images of the beautiful region. From picturesque landscapes to charming villages and historic landmarks, our collection captures the essence of this enchanting area. Whether you're looking for a statement piece for your living room or a unique gift for someone special, the Marne collection has something to suit every taste and style. With its vibrant colors and intricate details, each print is sure to add character and charm to any space. Media Storehouse takes pride in offering only the highest quality products that are made using premium materials. Their attention to detail ensures that each item is carefully crafted with precision and care. The Marne collection from Media Storehouse is an excellent choice for anyone who loves beautiful photography or wants to bring a touch of French elegance into their home or office decor.
+

What are Marne (Canton France Europe) art prints?

Marne art prints are high-quality reproductions of artwork inspired by the beautiful region of Marne in France. These prints showcase the stunning landscapes, architecture, and culture that make this area so unique and special. From charming villages to rolling vineyards, these prints capture the essence of Marne in a way that is both authentic and captivating. Created using state-of-the-art printing technology, Marne art prints offer exceptional clarity and detail, making them ideal for display in any home or office setting. Whether you're looking to add a touch of French elegance to your decor or simply want to celebrate your love for this enchanting region, these art prints are sure to delight. With a wide range of sizes and framing options available, it's easy to find the perfect print to suit your needs. So why not bring a little piece of Marne into your life today with one of our stunning art prints?
+

What Marne (Canton France Europe) art prints can I buy from Media Storehouse?

We offer a wide range of Marne art prints that you can choose from. These prints are available in various sizes and formats, including canvas, framed, and unframed options. You can browse through our collection of stunning photographs and artwork featuring the beautiful landscapes, architecture, culture, and history of this region. Some popular Marne art prints available on Media Storehouse include images of the famous Champagne vineyards, historic buildings such as Reims Cathedral or Chateau de Vaux-le-Vicomte, picturesque villages like Hautvillers or Epernay with its Avenue de Champagne lined with grand champagne houses. Whether you're looking for a unique piece to decorate your home or office space or seeking inspiration for your next travel destination - Media Storehouse has something to offer everyone who loves this beautiful part of France.
+

How do I buy Marne (Canton France Europe) art prints?

To purchase Marne art prints from Media Storehouse, you can browse our extensive collection of artwork online. Simply search for "Marne" or navigate to the relevant category on their website. Once you have found a print that you like, select the size and framing options that suit your preferences. We offer a variety of high-quality printing options including canvas, fine art paper, and photographic prints. You can choose to have your print delivered unframed or framed in a range of styles to suit your decor. To complete your purchase, simply add the item to your cart and proceed through the checkout process. We accept various payment methods including credit card and PayPal. Once your order is confirmed, Media Storehouse will carefully package and ship your artwork directly to you. With their vast selection of Marne art prints available for purchase online, it's easy to find beautiful pieces that will enhance any space in which they are displayed.
+

How much do Marne (Canton France Europe) art prints cost?

We offer a wide range of Marne art prints at varying prices. The cost of the prints depends on various factors such as the size, quality, and type of print. We have a variety of options available including canvas prints, framed prints, and poster prints. Our Marne art collection features stunning images that capture the beauty and essence of this region in France. From picturesque landscapes to iconic landmarks and historic buildings, our collection has something for everyone. We take pride in offering high-quality art prints that are affordable without compromising on quality or style. Our pricing is competitive with other online retailers while still maintaining exceptional standards. Whether you're looking to decorate your home or office space or searching for a unique gift idea for someone special, our Marne art print collection is sure to impress.
+

How will my Marne (Canton France Europe) art prints be delivered to me?

We take great care in delivering your Marne art prints to you. We use a trusted courier service that ensures your artwork arrives safely and securely at your doorstep. Our delivery process is efficient and reliable, ensuring that you receive your order promptly. All of our prints are carefully packaged to prevent any damage during transit. They are rolled and placed into a sturdy tube for protection before being dispatched from our warehouse. This means that your print will arrive in perfect condition, ready for framing or display. We also provide tracking information so you can keep an eye on the progress of your delivery. If there are any issues with the delivery, please don't hesitate to contact us and we'll do everything we can to resolve it as quickly as possible. You can trust Media Storehouse to deliver high-quality Marne art prints straight to your door with care and efficiency.