Abdulhamid Ii Collection
Abdulhamid II was the 34th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, ruling from 1876 to 1909
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Abdulhamid II was the 34th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, ruling from 1876 to 1909. He was known for his conservative and authoritarian rule, earning him the nickname "the Red Sultan" or "the Damned Sultan." Despite his reputation as a tyrant, Abdulhamid II implemented several modernization reforms during his reign, including building railways and telegraph lines. However, he also cracked down on dissent and opposition through censorship and surveillance. His policies ultimately led to discontent among various groups within the empire, culminating in his deposition in 1909. Abdulhamid II's legacy remains controversial, with some viewing him as a visionary leader while others criticize his repressive tactics.