Capsomeres Collection

HK97 bacteriophage capsid, molecular model. Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria, in this case enterobacteria such as E. coli (Escherichia coli), with the phage head shown here

Chikungunya virus capsid, molecular model. This virus, transmitted by mosquitoes in tropical Africa and Asia, causes fever and joint pain in humans, similar to dengue fever

Turnip yellow mosaic virus capsid, molecular model. This virus infects a wide variety of plants, including crops such as turnips and cabbages, causing yellow patches on the leaves

Sindbis virus capsid, molecular model. This virus, transmitted by mosquitoes, causes sindbis fever in humans. In viruses, the capsid is the protein shell that encloses the genetic material

Murine polyomavirus capsid, molecular model. This virus, one of a range named for their potential to cause multiple tumours, infects mice

Brome mosaic virus capsid, molecular model. This plant virus infects grasses, especially brome grasses, and also barley. It causes mosaic patches of discolouration

Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus capsid, molecular model. This virus (CCMV) infects the cowpea plant (Vigna unguiculata), causing yellow spots of discolouration

Avian polyomavirus capsid, molecular model. This virus, one of a range named for their potential to cause multiple tumours, infects birds. Discovered in budgerigars in 1981, it is often fatal

Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus capsid, molecular model. Part of the Cypovirus genus and invariably fatal, this insect virus is transmitted by contamination of leaves eaten (examples include silkworms)

Theilers encephalomyelitis virus capsid, molecular model. This virus, which causes brain and spinal cord inflammation in mice, is used in research

Tobacco necrosis virus capsid, molecular model. This plant virus infects a wide rage of plants, including the tobacco plant for which it is named. The virus causes tissue death (necrosis)

Grapevine fanleaf virus capsid, molecular model. This plant virus is named for its infection of grape vines. It is transmitted by the nematode worm Xiphinema index

VEE equine encephalitis virus capsid
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus capsid, molecular model. This mosquito-borne virus can kill horses and other equine species, causing brain and spinal cord inflammation

Semliki forest virus capsid F006 / 9297
Semliki forest virus capsid, molecular model. This virus, named for the forest in Uganda where it was identified, is spread by the bite of mosquitoes. It can infect both humans and animals

Murine minute virus capsid, molecular model. This parvovirus infects mice, its only known natural host. It is highly infectious, transmitted through the nose and mouth

SV40 virus capsid, molecular model C018 / 7904
SV40 virus capsid, molecular model. Simian virus 40 (SV40) is found in monkeys such as Rhesus monkeys and macaques. Potentially tumour-causing, it is used in laboratory research and in vaccines

SV40 virus capsid, molecular model C018 / 7903
SV40 virus capsid, molecular model. Simian virus 40 (SV40) is found in monkeys such as Rhesus monkeys and macaques. Potentially tumour-causing, it is used in laboratory research and in vaccines

Adenovirus, artwork C016 / 8960
Adenovirus. Computer artwork showing the external protein structure of an adenovirus particle. Adenoviruses are the largest viruses not to have a protein coat covering their capsid

Adenovirus, artwork C016 / 8961
Adenovirus. Computer artwork showing the external protein structure of an adenovirus particle. Adenoviruses are the largest viruses not to have a protein coat covering their capsid

Adenovirus particles, artwork C016 / 8963
Adenovirus particles. Computer artwork showing the external protein structure of adenovirus particles. Adenoviruses are the largest viruses not to have a protein coat covering their capsid

Human adenovirus 36, artwork C016 / 8966
Human adenovirus 36. Computer artwork of human adenovirus 36 (HAdV-36), showing the surface structure of the viruss outer protein coat (capsid)

Adenovirus particles, artwork C016 / 8965
Adenovirus particles. Computer artwork showing the external protein structure of adenovirus particles. Adenoviruses are the largest viruses not to have a protein coat covering their capsid

Adenovirus, artwork C016 / 8962
Adenovirus. Computer artwork showing the external protein structure of an adenovirus particle. Adenoviruses are the largest viruses not to have a protein coat covering their capsid

Adenovirus particles, artwork C016 / 8964
Adenovirus particles. Computer artwork showing the external protein structure of adenovirus particles. Adenoviruses are the largest viruses not to have a protein coat covering their capsid

SV40 virus capsid, molecular model. Simian virus 40 (SV40) is found in monkeys such as Rhesus monkeys and macaques. Potentially tumour-causing, it is used in laboratory research and in vaccines

Dengue virus capsid, molecular model. This virus, transmitted by mosquito bites, causes the tropical disease dengue fever in humans

Ryegrass mottle virus capsid, molecular model. This plant virus is named for its infection of ryegrass, and the discolouration it causes

Norwalk virus capsid, molecular model. This norovirus, which causes a viral form of gastroenteritis, is transmitted from person-to-person or through contaminated food

Semliki forest virus capsid, molecular model. This virus, named for the forest in Uganda where it was identified, is spread by the bite of mosquitoes. It can infect both humans and animals

Physalis mottle virus capsid
Avian polyomavirus capsid, molecular model. This virus, one of a range named for their potential to cause multiple tumours, infects birds. Discovered in budgerigars in 1981, it is often fatal

Bombyx mori densovirus 1 capsid
Bombyx mori densovirus 1 (BmDNV-1), molecular model. This virus infects crustaceans and insects, especially the silkworm (Bombyx mori)

Hepatitis B virus capsid, molcular model
Hepatitis B virus capsid, molecular model. This virus, transmitted through infected bodily fluids or blood, causes the disease hepatitis B in humans, leading to acute liver inflammation

Simian rotavirus capsid, molecular model. This virus is named for its ability to infect the higher primates (simians). Rotaviruses, transmitted by faecal-oral contact

Poliovirus type 3 capsid, molecular model. This enterovirus causes poliomyelitis (polio) in humans, which affects the nervous system, sometimes leading to paralysis

Infectious bursal disease virus capsid, molecular model. This avian virus infects the bursa of Fabricius (specialised bird immune organ) in young chickens, and can cause high mortality rates

Aedes mosquito and Chikungunya virus. Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) mosquito next to a Chikungunya virus particle (virion). The Chikungunya virus is transmitted by Aedes sp

Penicillium partitivirus capsid, molecular model. This is the capsid of the partivirus called Penicillium stoloniferum virus F (PsV-F). This virus infects the fungi that make the drug penicillin

Echovirus 7 capsid, molecular model. Echoviruses are related to the polioviruses. They are usually harmless but can cause serious illness such as encephalitis, meningitis, heart and liver disease

Foot-and-mouth disease virus capsid, molecular model. This virus, which can be fatal, causes foot-and-mouth disease in cloven-hooved animals

Poliovirus type 1 capsid, molecular model. This enterovirus causes poliomyelitis (polio) in humans, which affects the nervous system, sometimes leading to paralysis

IBDV subviral particle, molecular model. IBDV (infectious bursal disease virus) is an avian virus that infects the bursa of Fabricius (specialised bird immune organ) in young chickens

Bluetongue virus capsid
Bluetongue virus (BTV) capsid, molecular model. BTV is an orbivirus, and is of major economic importance as an insect-borne pathogen of cattle and other ruminants

Alpha 3 bacteriophage capsid, molecular model. Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria, with the capsid forming the bacteriophage head. A capsid has subunits called capsomeres

Adenovirus penton base protein, molecular model. This protein molecule is a subunit called a penton, forming the vertices of the capsid of this adenovirus

Viral recognition by antibodies, artwork C013 / 4722
Viral recognition by antibodies. Computer artwork of rabies (family Rhabdoviridae) virus particles (virions, pink) being identified by monoclonal antibodies (Y-shaped, blue)

Rabies virus, artwork C013 / 4704
Rabies virus. Computer artwork of rabies (family Rhabdoviridae) virus particles (virions). The virus has a protein coat or capsid, which is made up of helically arranged subunits called capsomeres

Rabies virus, artwork C013 / 4703
Rabies virus. Computer artwork of a rabies (family Rhabdoviridae) virus particle (virion). The virus has a protein coat or capsid, which is made up of helically arranged subunits called capsomeres

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Capsomeres are the building blocks of viral capsids, which play a crucial role in protecting and delivering the genetic material of various viruses. These tiny protein subunits come together to form the outer shell of viral particles, providing structural integrity and facilitating infection. One example is the HK97 bacteriophage capsid, which encloses its DNA like a protective armor. Similarly, the Chikungunya virus capsid shields its RNA genome from host defenses as it invades human cells. The Turnip yellow mosaic virus capsid exhibits an intricate architecture that allows efficient packaging of its genetic material. Meanwhile, the Hepatitis B virus capsid boasts a molecular model that reveals its complex assembly process and potential targets for antiviral therapies. Infectious bursal disease virus relies on its distinctive capsid to invade immune cells in chickens, causing severe immunosuppression. The Sindbis virus also utilizes its unique molecular model to enter host cells and replicate within them. The Murine polyomavirus showcases another remarkable capsid structure involved in infecting rodents by targeting specific cell receptors. Similarly, Brome mosaic virus employs an elaborate arrangement to ensure successful replication within plant hosts. Semliki forest virus captivates scientists with its intricate symmetrical pattern formed by numerous identical proteins coming together harmoniously. On the other hand, Dengue virus presents a molecular model revealing how multiple copies of their distinctively shaped capsids interact with each other during infection. Lastly, Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus demonstrates how diverse viruses can employ different strategies when constructing their protective shells using individualized arrangements of protein subunits.