Human Evolution Collection (page 2)

Modern human. Model of an early human (Homo sapiens) or Cro-Magnon man. Cro-Magnon is the earliest European example of Homo sapiens

Human evolution, artwork
Human evolution. Artwork showing a snapshot of the evolution of humans from earlier forms of life. At far left is the shrew-like mammal, Purgatorius (65 million years ago, mya)

Homo ergaster hunting group, artists impression. These hominids are shown attacking a species of saber-toothed cat (Machairdontinae) using wooden branches and a spear. H

Homo antecessor reconstruction. Reconstruction of a Homo antecessor head from the skull of El Nino de la Gran Dolina (The Child of Gran Dolina)

Stone tool, Sima de los Huesos. This hand axe, called Excalibur, is the only stone tool to be found at Sima de los Huesos (Pit of Bones)

Illustration of distribution early human hunter-gatherers across the world from Mezherich in Ukraine, Mammoth, Lake Mungo settlement in Australia, and Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania

Cueva Mayor cave exploration, Atapuerca C018 / 9949
Cueva Mayor cave exploration. Cavers exploring the Galeria de las Estatuas section of the Cueva Mayor cave system in the Sierra de Atapuerca foothills in northern Spain

Neanderthal couple hunting, artwork
Neanderthal couple hunting. Artwork of a stone knife being used by a Neanderthal woman to cut open and skin a seal that has been killed with the spear held by the man at left

Neanderthal child, artwork. Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis) inhabited Europe and western Asia between 230, 000 and 29, 000 years ago

Stomach ulcer bacteria origins, artwork
Stomach ulcer bacteria origins. Artwork of a human stomach and a magnified view of the Helicobacter pylori bacterium (green) that causes stomach ulcers

Neanderthal fossil skull La Ferrassie 1 C016 / 0566
Neanderthal fossil skull La Ferrassie 1. This specimen, from an elderly male, dates from around 70, 000 years ago. It was discovered in the Dordogne region in southern France in 1909

Migration to the Americas, diagram
Migration to the Americas. Diagram showing the three theories (arrowed) for when and how humans first arrived in the Americas

Prehistoric humans, artwork
Prehistoric humans. Computer artwork showing prehistoric humans travelling across a frozen land

Paranthropus robustus and leopard jaw C015 / 6933
Paranthropus robustus skull (SK-54) and leopard jaw (SK-349). These fossils date from around 1.5 million years ago. SK-54 is the skull-cap from a child australopithecine, found in 1949 in Swartkrans

Paranthropus aethiopicus (KNM-WT 17000) C015 / 6932
Paranthropus aethiopicus skull (KNM-WT 17000). This extinct species, a very early part of the human evolutionary tree, is also known as Australopithecus aethiopicus

Homo rudolfensis skull (KNM-ER 1470) C015 / 6930
Homo rudolfensis skull (KNM-ER 1470). This fossil specimen dates from around 1.9 million years ago, and was discovered in 1972 in Koobi Fora, on the eastern shore of Lake Turkana, Kenya

Homo ergaster skull (KNM-ER 3733) C015 / 6927
Homo ergaster skull (KNM-ER 3733). This fossil specimen dates from around 1.8 million years ago, and was discovered in 1975 in Koobi Fora, on the eastern shore of Lake Turkana, Kenya

Homo ergaster skull (SK-847 and SK-15) C015 / 6928
Homo ergaster skull. This skull consists of two fossils: SK-847 (main) and SK-15 (lower jaw). The fossils are those of an extinct species that forms an early part of the human evolutionary tree

Homo heidelbergensis skull, Broken Hill 1 C015 / 6924
Homo heidelbergensis skull. This is the Broken Hill 1 (Kabwe 1) fossil skull, originally classified as Homo rhodesiensis (Rhodesian Man)

Homo heidelbergensis vertebra C015 / 6799
Homo heidelbergensis vertebra. This fossil vertebra was excavated from the Sima de los Huesos pit in the Atapuerca foothills in Spain

Australopithecus africanus skull (STS-71) C015 / 6798
Australopithecus africanus skull. This skull consists of two fossils: STS-71 and STS-36. STS-71 is the upper specimen, discovered in 1947, in Sterkfontein, South Africa

Prehistoric rib bone C015 / 6754
Prehistoric rib bone. This rib bone was found at the TD-6 level in the Gran Dolina cave in the Sierra de Atapuerca foothills near Burgos, Spain

Homo habilis upper jaw (OH 65) C015 / 6686
Homo habilis upper jaw (maxilla) and teeth. This fossil specimen (named OH 65) was found in 1995 at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. It dates to around 1.8 million years ago

Homo habilis upper jaw (OH 65) C015 / 6684
Homo habilis upper jaw (maxilla) and teeth. This fossil specimen (named OH 65) was found in 1995 at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. It dates to around 1.8 million years ago

Homo habilis upper jaw (OH 65) C015 / 6685
Homo habilis upper jaw (maxilla) and teeth. This fossil specimen (named OH 65) was found in 1995 at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. It dates to around 1.8 million years ago

Neanderthal excavation, Pinilla del Valle C015 / 6589
Neanderthal excavation. Researchers carrying out excavations for prehistoric human fossils at the Pinilla del Valle site, in the Lozoya Valley, near Madrid, Spain

Homo habilis upper jaw (OH 65) C015 / 6666
Homo habilis upper jaw (maxilla) and teeth. This fossil specimen (named OH 65) was found in 1995 at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. It dates to around 1.8 million years ago

Neanderthal tooth C015 / 6610
Neanderthal tooth. Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis) inhabited Europe and western Asia between 230, 000 and 29, 000 years ago

Neanderthal tooth C015 / 6643
Neanderthal tooth. Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis) inhabited Europe and western Asia between 230, 000 and 29, 000 years ago

Homo heidelbergensis arthritic jaw C015 / 6562
Homo heidelbergensis arthritic jaw. Close-up of the condyloid process of the lower jaw (mandible) from fossilised remains of Homo heidelbergensis

Homo heidelbergensis lower jaw C015 / 6561
Homo heidelbergensis lower jaw (mandible) and teeth. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain

Homo heidelbergensis lower jaw C015 / 6560
Homo heidelbergensis lower jaw (mandible) and teeth. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain

Homo heidelbergensis lower jaw C015 / 6559
Homo heidelbergensis lower jaw (mandible) and teeth. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain

Homo heidelbergensis tooth C015 / 6549
Homo heidelbergensis tooth. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain. This is a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Homo heidelbergensis tooth C015 / 6550
Homo heidelbergensis tooth. This tooth shows marks (grooves near the gum line) left by the use of tooth picks. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain

Homo heidelbergensis tooth C015 / 6548
Homo heidelbergensis tooth. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain. This is a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Homo heidelbergensis tooth C015 / 6547
Homo heidelbergensis tooth. This tooth shows marks (grooves near the gum line) left by the use of tooth picks. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain

Homo heidelbergensis teeth C015 / 6544
Homo heidelbergensis teeth. These incisor teeth are worn down with age and the effect of diet. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain

Homo heidelbergensis teeth C015 / 6545
Homo heidelbergensis teeth. These molar teeth are worn down with age and the effect of diet. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain

Homo heidelbergensis teeth C015 / 6546
Homo heidelbergensis teeth. These tooth show marks (grooves near the gum line) left by the use of tooth picks. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain

Homo heidelbergensis tooth C015 / 6542
Homo heidelbergensis tooth. This tooth has striations on its enamel left by the use of stone tools. The directions of the striations indicate that right-handedness was dominant as long as 500

Homo heidelbergensis tooth C015 / 6543
Homo heidelbergensis tooth. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain. This is a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Homo heidelbergensis tooth C015 / 6541
Homo heidelbergensis tooth. This tooth has striations on its enamel left by the use of stone tools. The directions of the striations indicate that right-handedness was dominant as long as 500

Homo heidelbergensis tooth C015 / 6539
Homo heidelbergensis tooth. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain. This is a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Homo heidelbergensis tooth C015 / 6540
Homo heidelbergensis tooth. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain. This is a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Homo heidelbergensis tooth C015 / 6537
Homo heidelbergensis tooth. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain. This is a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Homo heidelbergensis tooth C015 / 6538
Homo heidelbergensis tooth. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain. This is a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Homo heidelbergensis tooth C015 / 6536
Homo heidelbergensis tooth. This fossil specimen is from the Sima de los Huesos site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain. This is a UNESCO World Heritage Site

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"Unveiling the Tapestry of Human Evolution: A Journey through Time" Embarking on a captivating journey, we delve into the intricate stages of human evolution. From the dawn of time to our modern existence, this remarkable transformation has shaped who we are today. We begin with prehistoric discoveries that shed light on our ancestors' ingenuity and adaptability. The invention of the spear-thrower marked a significant milestone in early human development, showcasing their resourcefulness and hunting prowess. Tracing back millions of years, we encounter the astonishing Laetoli fossil footprints imprinted by Australopithecus afarensis. These ancient tracks offer us a glimpse into their bipedal locomotion, revealing how they walked upon Earth's surface long before us. Through mesmerizing artwork depicting Australopithecus afarensis and Australopithecus africanus females, we witness their physical features and speculate about their social dynamics within primitive communities. The struggle for survival becomes vivid as we observe an intense scene—an awe-inspiring scimitar cat attacking a hominid. This depiction reminds us of the challenges faced by our ancestors during their evolutionary journey. Artwork further guides us along this transformative path, illustrating various stages in human evolution. Each stage represents pivotal moments where anatomical changes occurred over millennia—shaping Homo sapiens as we know them today. In 1881 Charles Darwin's portrait after Collier serves as a reminder of his groundbreaking theory on natural selection—a cornerstone in understanding our place within this grand narrative. Our exploration takes an intriguing turn with Sahelanthropus tchadensis skull—the earliest known representative from the hominin lineage—providing crucial insights into our common ancestry with chimpanzees and bonobos. Homo heidelbergensis emerges next—a species bridging gaps between earlier hominins and modern humans—showcasing advancements in tool-making abilities while adapting to diverse environments.