Louis Figuier Collection (page 2)

Hippocrates of Cos, Ancient Greek physician, 1866. Known as the father of medicine Hippocrates (c460-c359 BC) laid the foundations of a scientific basis for medicine

Theophrastus, Ancient Greek philosopher and scientist, 1866. Theophrastus (c372-c287 BC) was a pupil of Plato and of Aristotle who he succeeded as President of the Lyceum in 323 BC

William Harvey, English physician, in Windsor Park, 17th century (1870). Harvey (1578-1657) explaining to Charles I the results of his investigations into reproduction

Sectional view of lead chambers for large-scale production of sulphuric acid, 1870. Also known as Oil of Vitriol or H2S04, sulphuric acid was one of the most important of industrial chemicals

Sectional view of Gay-Lussacs lead chambers and absorption towers, 1870. These were for the large-scale production of sulphuric acid also (Oil of Vitriol or H2SO4)

Antoine-Laurent Jussieu, French botanist, 1880. Born in Lyon, Jussieu (1748-1836), the nephew of the botanist Bernard de Jussieu, studied medicine, graduating in 1770

Bernard de Jussieu, 18th century French botanist, 1880. A member of the family of distinguished botanists, de Jussieu (1699-1777) was director of the gardens at the Trianon, Versailles

Paul Jablochkoff, Russian telegraph engineer, 1883. In 1867 Jablochkoff (1847-1914) invented the Jablochkoff candle, a carbon arc lamp. From Les Nouvelles Conquetes de la Science by Louis Figuier

Hippolyte Fizeau, French physicist, 1870. Fizeau (1819-1896) measured the velocity of light on the Earths surface (1849). He used Dopplers principle to determine the velocity of stars in line of

Joseph Black visiting James Watt in his Glasgow workshop, c1760 (c1879). Artists impression of Joseph Black (1729-1799), Scottish chemist, visiting James Watt (1736-1819)

Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis, French astronomer and mathematician, in Finland, 1736, (1874). In 1736 Maupertuis (1698-1759)

Galileo observing the swaying of the chandelier in Pisa Cathedral, c1584 (1870). Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), Italian astronomer, mathematician and physicist

Harvey demonstrating circulation of the blood to the College of Physicians, c1628 (1870). William Harvey (1578-1657), English physician, published his famous De motu cordis

French physicist Denis Papins, steamboat being wrecked, 1707 (1870)
French physicist Denis Papin s, steamboat being wrecked, 1707 (1870). The boatmen on the river Weser saw the boat powered by Papins (1647-1712)

Galileo demonstrating his telescope, Venice, 1609 (1870). In this artists reconstruction Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), Italian astronomer, mathematician and physicist

Denis Papin, French physicist, 1870. In 1675, Papin (1647-1712) went to London where he worked with Robert Boyle and invented the forerunner to the pressure cooker, the steam digester

Elisha Gray, American inventor, presenting the caveat for his telephone, 1876, (c1890). Gray (1835-1901) arrived at the US Patent Office at 4pm on 14 February 1876

Claude Chappe demonstrating his optical telegraph (semaphore) system in 1793 (c1870). Chappes (1763-1805) system was in use in France and French colonies until about 1850

Jean Baptiste Biot and Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, French scientists, 1804 (1870). Biot (1774-1864) and Gay-Lussac (1778-1850)

Discovery of the principle of the telescope, 17th century (1863). Artists impression of the supposed chance discovery of the principle of the telescope by children playing in the workshop of

Pierre de Fermat, 17th century French mathematician, 1870. Fermats (1601-1665) contributions to mathematics include the founding of analytic geometry

Mesmers tub, c1870. In 1779, soon after the publication of his treatise Memoire sur la decouverte de magnetism animal, Franz Anton Mesmer (1734-1815), the founder of Mesmerism

Lesage experimenting with the first electric telegraph, Geneva, 1774 (1876). George Louis Lesage (1724-1803), Swiss scientist, devised an early form of electric telegraph

Street in Newcastle Upon Tyne lit by Swan incandescent electric lamps, 1883. In January 1879 Joseph Wilson Swan (1828-1914)

Carl Vogt, German naturalist
Carl Christoph Vogt (1817-1895), German naturalist. Vogt published a number of notable works on physiology, geology and zoology

Cutaway View Windmill Machinery Grind Grinding
19th century cutaway view of a windmill showing the machinery used to grind grain. After an illustration in Les merveilles de l'industrie, by Louis Figuier, published 1877

Wieliczka Salt Mine Mines Mining Salt Poland
19th century illustration showing cross section of three levels of the Wieliczka Salt Mine, Poland. The mines date from the 13th century and are a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Paper Making Papermaking Cylindrical Rotary Boilers
19th century cylindrical rotary boilers processing rags for rag paper. After an illustration in Les merveilles de l'industrie, by Louis Figuier, published 1877

Paper Making Plant Papermaking Factory Machine
19th century paper making plant. Machines pulping rags in preparation for paper making. After an illustration in Les merveilles de l'industrie, by Louis Figuier, published 1877

Wallpaper Wall Paper Wall-paper Printing 19th Century
19th century wallpaper printing machine. After an illustration in Les merveilles de l'industrie, by Louis Figuier, published 1877

Glass Factory Producing Glass Cylinders Making
19th century glass factory producing glass cylinders. After an illustration in Les merveilles de l'industrie, by Louis Figuier, published 1877

Water Pump Chaillot Chaillot Hill Paris France
The 19th century Chaillot water pump, Paris, France. The pump sourced water from the Seine river and sent it to tanks on Chaillot Hill

Soda Water Factory Works Plant Workers Filling Bottles
Interior of a 19th century soda water factory showing workers preparing bottles of the product. After an illustration in Les merveilles de l'industrie, by Louis Figuier, published 1877

Early humans harvesting crops. Coloured artwork of Iron Age farming families harvesting and processing wheat. The wheat is being harvested in the background

Earth-Venus conjunction, 19th century
Earth-Venus conjunction, 19th-century artwork. Venus (centre) is the second planet from the Sun (right). This is an inferior conjunction

Chappe and the Transit of Venus, 1761. Historical artwork of the French astronomer Jean-Baptiste Chappe d Auteroche (left, 1722-1769) in Tobolsk, Siberia, Russia

Electric fire-fighting vehicle, 1893 C013 / 9129
Electric fire-fighting vehicle, 19th-century artwork. Artwork from the 12th volume (second period of 1893) of the French popular science weekly La Science Illustree

Photographic colouring technique, 1893
Photographic colouring technique. 19th-century artwork of a photographic positive being coloured in by hand. Artwork from the 12th volume (second period of 1893)

Chicago World Fair searchlight, 1893
Chicago World Fair searchlight, 19th-century artwork. The World Fair of 1893 in Chicago, also known as the Worlds Columbian Exposition, took place from May to October of that year

Glass-making factory, 1893
Glass-making factory, 19th-century artwork. Artwork from the 12th volume (second period of 1893) of the French popular science weekly La Science Illustree

Humphery gas lamp, 1893 C013 / 9120
Humphery gas lamp, 19th-century artwork. Artwork from the 12th volume (second period of 1893) of the French popular science weekly La Science Illustree

Prehistoric stone circle, 1893
Prehistoric stone circle. 19th-century artwork of visitors at a prehistoric Celtic site of menhirs and dolmens. The accompanying caption states they are Cornish

Water filtration industry, 1893
Water filtration industry. 19th-century artwork of the water filtration works at Hamburg, Germany. Artwork from the 12th volume (second period of 1893)

Tanning industry, 1893
Tanning industry. 19th-century artwork of workers at a tanning factory in Saint-Marcel, France. Artwork from the 12th volume (second period of 1893)

Egg-balancing toy design, 1893 C013 / 9112
Egg-balancing toy design. 19th-century artwork showing the internal design of an egg-shaped toy that can be balanced on its pointed end

Spitalfields silk industry, 1893
Spitalfields silk industry. 19th-century artwork of workers weaving silk at the Warner factory in Spitalfields, London, UK

Louis Favre, Swiss engineer
Louis Favre (1826-1879), Swiss engineer. Favre designed and supervised the building of the Gotthard Rail Tunnel in Switzerland

Refraction demonstration, 1893
Refraction demonstration. 19th-century artwork of a demonstration of the principles of radiation and refraction. A beam of sunlight is passing through two holes in a sheet of card

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Louis Figuier was a man of many interests and accomplishments. In the 19th century, he delved into various fields, leaving his mark in each one. As an avid cyclist, Figuier understood the importance of using specific muscles while riding. He studied and analyzed the different muscle groups involved in cycling, contributing to our understanding of this popular sport. In 1889, Figuier turned his attention to nature's wonders by exploring bonsai dwarf pines. His research on these miniature trees shed light on their cultivation techniques and captivated enthusiasts around the world. Figuier's curiosity also led him to Cornish tin mines. Fascinated by the mining industry's intricacies during that era, he documented its operations and shared valuable insights into this vital sector. The medical field greatly benefited from Figuier's work as well. He extensively researched Calots spinal surgery in the 19th century, providing invaluable knowledge for advancements in surgical procedures and patient care. The industrial revolution witnessed significant breakthroughs with Figuier at its forefront. He closely examined oil wells' impact during this period, highlighting their role in shaping modern energy production methods. Another groundbreaking invention that fascinated Figuier was Marconi's radio. Recognizing its potential early on, he chronicled Marconi's achievements and foresaw how it would revolutionize communication forever. Figuier had a deep appreciation for nature and its intricate systems; thus beekeeping became another subject close to his heart. His studies on bees' behavior contributed immensely to apiary practices still used today. One monumental project that captured Figuier's attention was the construction of Manchester Ship Canal in the 19th century. Through meticulous research and documentation, he showcased how this engineering marvel transformed trade routes and bolstered economic growth for Manchester. Even historical discoveries intrigued Figuier; Galileo Galilei's observations of Jovian moons back in 1610 fascinated him.