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Phaeophyceae Collection

Phaeophyceae, also known as brown algae, is a fascinating group of marine organisms that thrive in various coastal habitats around the world

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Weedy seadragon (Phyllopteryx taeniolatus) male carries eggs through a kelp forest

Weedy seadragon (Phyllopteryx taeniolatus) male carries eggs through a kelp forest (Macrocystis pyrifera) in Tasmania, Australia. Tasmania is the only part of Australia with giant kelp forests

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Dictyota dichotoma

Dictyota dichotoma
Cyanotype photograph by Anna Atkins, one of the first natural history photographers. From British Algae: Cyanotype Impressions, 1853. Date: 1853

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Dense growth of Bootlace seaweed (Chorda filum) in shallow water, Kimmeridge, Dorset, England, UK

Dense growth of Bootlace seaweed (Chorda filum) in shallow water, Kimmeridge, Dorset, England, UK, English Channel. July. Wildlife Photographer of the Year Competition 2022 (WPY)

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Fucus bulbosus, kelp

Fucus bulbosus, kelp
Plate 161 from Fuci, or coloured figures and descriptions of the Plants referred by botanists to the genus Fucus (1808-1819), Volume III, by Mary Dawson Turner

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Fucus radiatus, kelp

Fucus radiatus, kelp

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Kelp forest (Laminaria digitata) with small fish, Shetland, Scotland, UK, July

Kelp forest (Laminaria digitata) with small fish, Shetland, Scotland, UK, July

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Macrocystis pyrifera, giant kelp

Macrocystis pyrifera, giant kelp
Giant kelp, also known as kelp forest, seaweed and sea grass. Specimen annotated as Macrocystis pirifera from South Africa, held at the Natural History Museum, London

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Gas bladders of a giant kelp plant (Macrocystis pyrifera). Fortescue Bay, Tasmania, Australia

Gas bladders of a giant kelp plant (Macrocystis pyrifera). Fortescue Bay, Tasmania, Australia. Tasman Sea. This is the same species of giant kelp which is widespread on the Pacific coast of North

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Air filled bladders of Giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera). Santa Barbara Island, Channel Islands

Air filled bladders of Giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera). Santa Barbara Island, Channel Islands. Los Angeles, California, United States of America. North East Pacific Ocean

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Sugar kelp (Sacchinaria latissima) off Nova Scotia, Canada. September

Sugar kelp (Sacchinaria latissima) off Nova Scotia, Canada. September

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Kelp forest (Laminaria hyperborea) in the clear seas of Scotland, UK, September

Kelp forest (Laminaria hyperborea) in the clear seas of Scotland, UK, September

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) and Sea anemones (Actiniaria) on rock near iceberg

Sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) and Sea anemones (Actiniaria) on rock near iceberg. Tasiilaq, East Greenland. April

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) near iceberg, view upwards to gap in sea ice. Tasiilaq

Sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) near iceberg, view upwards to gap in sea ice. Tasiilaq, East Greenland. April

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Blacksmiths (Chromis punctipinnis) school swam through a giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) forest

Blacksmiths (Chromis punctipinnis) school swam through a giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) forest, Santa Barbara Island, Channel Islands. Los Angeles, California, USA, North East Pacific Ocean

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Group of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) in a kelp forest (Macrocystis pyrifera)

Group of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) in a kelp forest (Macrocystis pyrifera), California, USA. Pacific ocean

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) swimming over kelp forest, Shetland, Scotland, UK, August

Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) swimming over kelp forest, Shetland, Scotland, UK, August

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Group of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) swimming in kelp forest

Group of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) swimming in kelp forest (Macrocystis pyrifera), California, USA. Pacific ocean

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Hooded nudibranchs (Melibe leonina) filter feeding beneath bull kelp

Hooded nudibranchs (Melibe leonina) filter feeding beneath bull kelp. Hussar Point, Browning Pass, Port Hardy, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Black rockfish (Sebastes melanops) in bull kelp (Nereocystis luetkeana), Browning Pass

Black rockfish (Sebastes melanops) in bull kelp (Nereocystis luetkeana), Browning Pass, Port Hardy, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Detail of the gas bladders and fronds of Giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) plant

Detail of the gas bladders and fronds of Giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) plant. Santa Barbara Island, the Channel Islands, California, United States of America. East Pacific Ocean

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Sargassum fish (Histrio histrio) near the surface on floating Sargassum seaweed, Raja Ampat

Sargassum fish (Histrio histrio) near the surface on floating Sargassum seaweed, Raja Ampat, West Papua, Indonesia, Pacific Ocean

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) reaching up toward the sea surface, off Santa Barbara Island

Giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) reaching up toward the sea surface, off Santa Barbara Island, California, USA, Pacific Ocean

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Air bladders lifting strands of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) towards the surface

Air bladders lifting strands of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) towards the surface, off Santa Barbara Island, California, USA

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Kelp bass (Paralabrax clathratus) in Giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) forest

Kelp bass (Paralabrax clathratus) in Giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) forest, Santa Barbara, California, USA

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: RF - Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) relaxing in a bed of kelp (Laminaria digitata)

RF - Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) relaxing in a bed of kelp (Laminaria digitata), with two seals in the background. Farne Islands, Northumberland, England, United Kingdom. British Isles. North Sea

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Orange and white soft corals, Dead mans fingers (Alcyonium digitatum

Orange and white soft corals, Dead mans fingers (Alcyonium digitatum) thriving beneath kelp (Laminaria hyperborea). St Abbs, Eyemouth, Berwickshire, Scotland, United Kingdom. North Sea

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) male hovers over sea oak (Halidrys siliquosa)

Cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) male hovers over sea oak (Halidrys siliquosa). Babbacombe, Torquay, Devon, England, United Kingdom. English Channel. North East Atlantic Ocean

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Black rockfish (Sebastes melanops) school shelter in a bull kelp forest

Black rockfish (Sebastes melanops) school shelter in a bull kelp forest (Nereocystis luetkeana). Race Rocks, Victoria, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Bull kelp canopy (Nereocystis luetkeana) floating on the surface providing protective

Bull kelp canopy (Nereocystis luetkeana) floating on the surface providing protective habitat for juvenile Rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) Browning Pass, Queen Charlotte Strait, British Columbia, Canada

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Hooded nudibranchs (Melibe leonina) with oral hood for catching planktonic prey

Hooded nudibranchs (Melibe leonina) with oral hood for catching planktonic prey. In the Pacific Northwest they are often found clinging to bull kelp (Nereocystis luetkeana)

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Garibaldi (Hypsypops rubicundus) in forest of giant kelp

Garibaldi (Hypsypops rubicundus) in forest of giant kelp, (Macrocystis pyrifera) off Santa Barbara Island, California, USA

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Portrait of a male short snouted seahorse (Hippocampus hippocampus) in sea oak seaweed

Portrait of a male short snouted seahorse (Hippocampus hippocampus) in sea oak seaweed (Halidrys siliquosa). Devon, England, United Kingdom. British Isles. English Channel. North East Atlantic Ocean

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Seaweeds including Thongweed / Sea thong (Himanthalia elongata), Tangleweed kelp

Seaweeds including Thongweed / Sea thong (Himanthalia elongata), Tangleweed kelp (Laminaria digitata), Toothed wrack (Fucus serratus) and Dulse (Palmaria palmata)

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) young male swimming above Kelp / Oarweed (Laminaria

Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) young male swimming above Kelp / Oarweed (Laminaria hyperborea) Farne Islands, Northumberland, UK, North Sea, August

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Common lobster (Homarus gammarus) looks out from its hole amongst Dead mans fingers

Common lobster (Homarus gammarus) looks out from its hole amongst Dead mans fingers (Alcyonium digitatum) beneath a forest of Oarweed kelp (Laminaria hyperborea)

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Kelp forest (Laminaria hyperborea), Atlantic Ocean, North West Norway, March

Kelp forest (Laminaria hyperborea), Atlantic Ocean, North West Norway, March

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Brown algae (Desmarestia anceps) from King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica

Brown algae (Desmarestia anceps) from King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Preserved specimen

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Californian Sealion (Zalophus californianus) in kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) forest

Californian Sealion (Zalophus californianus) in kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) forest, San Benito del Este Island, Baja California Peninsula Pacific Islands Biosphere Reserve, Baja California, Mexico

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Scenic view of a bull kelp forest (Nereocystis luetkeana) with sunlight shining through the fronds

Scenic view of a bull kelp forest (Nereocystis luetkeana) with sunlight shining through the fronds. Browning Pass, Port Hardy, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Canada. North East Pacific Ocean

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Red Irish lord (Hemilepidotus hemilepidotus) hides on the sebed, with Quillback rockfish

Red Irish lord (Hemilepidotus hemilepidotus) hides on the sebed, with Quillback rockfish (Sebastes maliger) and copper rockfish (Sebastes caurinus) behind in the bull kelp forest

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: School of Blacksmith fish (Chromis punctipinnis) swim through a giant kelp (Macrocystis

School of Blacksmith fish (Chromis punctipinnis) swim through a giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) forest. Santa Barbara Island, Channel Islands. Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Garibaldi fish (Hypsypops rubicundus) and Giant Kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) forest

Garibaldi fish (Hypsypops rubicundus) and Giant Kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) forest, San Benitos Islands, Baja California Pacific Islands Biosphere Reserve, Baja California, Mexico, May

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Californian sea lion (Zalophus californianus) in Giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) forest

Californian sea lion (Zalophus californianus) in Giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) forest, San Benitos Islands, Baja California Pacific Islands Biosphere Reserve, Baja California, Mexico, May

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Eastern rockhopper penguin (Eudyptes chrysocome filholi) mid-fall after jumping off rocky ledge to

Eastern rockhopper penguin (Eudyptes chrysocome filholi) mid-fall after jumping off rocky ledge to get to sea, surrounded by Bull kelp (Durvillaea antarctica), Auckland Island, Auckland Island

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Norway's laminaria (Ascophyllum nodosum) growing up towards the surface in clear, shallow sea

Norway's laminaria (Ascophyllum nodosum) growing up towards the surface in clear, shallow sea, Aberffraw, Anglesey, Wales, Irish Sea, UK. July

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Pollack (Pollachius pollachius) juveniles, swimming amongst Red pom-pom seaweeds (Ceramium sp)

Pollack (Pollachius pollachius) juveniles, swimming amongst Red pom-pom seaweeds (Ceramium sp)
Pollack (Pollachius pollachius) juveniles, swimming amongst Red pom-pom seaweeds (Ceramium sp.) and Spaghetti seaweed (Himanthalia elongata), Island of Coll, Inner Hebrides, Scotland, UK

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Blue lion's mane jellyfish (Cyanea lamarckii) drifting through a seaweed forest with Red pom-pom

Blue lion's mane jellyfish (Cyanea lamarckii) drifting through a seaweed forest with Red pom-pom seaweed (Ceramium sp.) and Spaghetti seaweed (Himanthalia elongata), Island of Coll

Background imagePhaeophyceae Collection: Kelp greenling (Hexagrammos decagrammus), female, resting on bed of kelp (Laminariales)

Kelp greenling (Hexagrammos decagrammus), female, resting on bed of kelp (Laminariales), Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA, Pacific Ocean



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Phaeophyceae, also known as brown algae, is a fascinating group of marine organisms that thrive in various coastal habitats around the world. From the dense growth of Bootlace seaweed in Kimmeridge, Dorset to the mesmerizing kelp forests in Shetland and Santa Barbara Island, these photos capture the beauty and diversity of Phaeophyceae. One captivating image shows a male Weedy seadragon carrying eggs through a kelp forest. This unique behavior highlights how Phyllopteryx taeniolatus relies on these algae for protection and camouflage. Dictyota dichotoma, Fucus bulbosus, Fucus radiatus - these are just some brown algae species that contribute to the vibrant underwater ecosystems. Their presence provides shelter and food for numerous marine creatures like small fish and California sea lions resting in the canopy of giant kelp forests off Los Angeles. The gas bladders found in Macrocystis pyrifera (giant kelp) play an essential role by keeping their fronds buoyant near Fortescue Bay in Tasmania or Santa Barbara Island. These air-filled structures allow them to reach towards sunlight while creating intricate habitats for various organisms. Even penguins benefit from Phaeophyceae's existence. An Eastern rockhopper penguin mid-fall after jumping off a rocky ledge surrounded by Bull kelp showcases how Durvillaea antarctica supports their journey into the sea around Auckland Island. Norway's laminaria (Ascophyllum nodosum) growing up towards the surface demonstrates its resilience even in clear shallow seas like Aberffraw, Anglesey. Its presence enriches Irish Sea's ecosystem during July months when it thrives abundantly. Phaeophyceae holds immense ecological significance worldwide with its ability to form dense growths like Bootlace seaweed or create majestic underwater landscapes like kelp forests.