Samuel Rawson Gardiner: Historian of the Commonwealth In the vast realm of historical knowledge, few names shine as brightly as Samuel Rawson Gardiner. Born in 1829, this English historian dedicated his life to unraveling the intricate tapestry of the 17th century. His meticulous research and insightful analysis have left an indelible mark on our understanding of this transformative period. Gardiner's scholarly pursuits led him to explore various facets of history, including religion and politics. He delved into the works of influential figures such as John Owen, a renowned English theologian from the 17th century. Through his studies, Gardiner unearthed invaluable insights that shed light on the complexities and nuances of this era. One notable aspect that captivated Gardiner's attention was Elizabeth Steward, mother of Oliver Cromwell. This formidable woman played a pivotal role in shaping her son's destiny and ultimately influencing England's fate during this tumultuous time. Gardiner meticulously examined her life and impact to provide a more comprehensive understanding of Cromwell's rise to power. As a historian focused on the Commonwealth period, it is no surprise that Samuel Rawson Gardiner became synonymous with unravelling its mysteries. His expertise earned him recognition among The Leading Living Historians - an esteemed group who shared his passion for unearthing truths hidden beneath layers of time. Gardiner's dedication extended beyond mere words; he sought visual representations to complement his research. The upper cover and spine adorned with an oval portrait miniature depicting Oliver Cromwell exemplify his commitment to capturing every detail associated with this iconic figure. The seal featuring Oliver Cromwell on horseback further showcases how deeply intertwined he was with England's Protectorate government during this era – an emblematic symbol representing both power and authority. Through painstaking efforts, Gardiner uncovered rare artifacts like "The Embleme of Englands Distractions" from 1658.