Scientific Revolution Collection (page 6)

ISaC NEWTON BIRTHPLACE. Woolthorpe House, Lincolnshire, England, the birthplace of Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727): line engraving, English, 1848

DESCARTES: GEOLOGY, 1644. Diagram from Rene Descartes Principia Philosophiae, 1644, depicting his theory of the development of mountains and oceans; the layers include the earths crust (E), air (F)

THERMOMETER, 1643. Design for a thermometer as described in 1643 by the German scholar Athanasius Kircher. Line engraving, American, c1900

TYCHO BRAHE (1546-1601). Danish astronomer, surrounded by his instruments and assistants in his castle of Uraniborg, Denmark. Copper engraving, 1602

ISaC NEWTON BIRTHPLACE. Sir Isaac Newtons birthplace, Woolsthorpe House, Lincolnshire, England. Engraving, English, 1848

CELESTIAL SPHERE, 1602. Line engraving from Tycho Brahes Astromomiae instauratae Mechanica, 1602

ISaC NEWTON AND THE APPLE. English physicist and mathematician. Observing an apple fall to the ground while seated beneath a tree, c1666. Wood engraving, 19th century

FRANCIS BACON (1561-1626). Viscount St. Albans. English philosopher and author. Colored line engraving after a painting from the studio of Paul Van Somer

GALILEO GALILEI (1564-1642). Flemish colored engraving, 1695

RENE DESCARTES (1596-1650). French mathematician and philosopher. Descartes at the court of Queen Christina of Sweden. Aquatint, early 19th century

ISaC NEWTON (1643-1727). English physicist and mathematician. Meditating on the fall of the apple while seated beneath a tree, c1666. Wood engraving, 19th century

GALILEO GALILEI (1564-1642). Italian mathematician, astronomer and physicist. Line engraving, 1624, by Ottavio Leoni

SIR ISaC NEWTON (1642-1727). English physicist and mathematician. Newton dispersing sunlight through a prism. Colored engraving, 19th century

SIR ISaC NEWTON (1642-1727). English mathematician and physicist. Colored English line and stipple engraving, 19th century

GALILEO GALILEI (1564-1642).Galileo (left) conversing with Ptolemy (center) and Copernicus: engraved frontispiece to Galileos " Dialogo... sopra i due Massimi Sistemi del Mondo, " 1632

SIR ISaC NEWTON (1642-1727). English physicist and mathematician: engraving, 19th century

JOHANNES KEPLER (1571-1630). German astronomer. Kepler (left) casting the horoscope of the Emperor Rudolf II at Prague. Color German engraving, 19th century

GALILEOs MICROSCOPE. 6) Zacharias Janssens compound microscope, 1590; 7) Galileos microscope; 18) Galileos thermoscope

TYCHO BRAHE (1546-1601). Danish astronomer. Brahe surrounded by his instruments and assistants in his castle of Uraniborg, Denmark. Line engraving, early 17th century

ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK (1632-1723). Dutch naturalist. Stipple engraving, English, c1800

FRANCIS BACON (1561-1626). English philosopher

JOHANNES KEPLER (1571-1630). German astronomer. Kepler (left) casting the horoscope of the Emperor Rudolf II at Prague, Czechoslovakia. Wood engraving, German, 19th century

SIR ISaC NEWTON (1643-1727). English physicist and mathematician. Line and stipple engraving

NEWTONs TELESCOPE. Sir Isaac Newtons telescope. Wood engraving, 19th century

ISaC NEWTONs BIRTHPLACE. Woolsthorpe House, Lincolnshire, England. Engraving, 19th century

GALILEO: DIALOGO, 1632. Galileo (left) conversing with Ptolemy (center) and Copernicus. Engraved frontispiece to Galileo Galileis Dialogo...sopra i due Massimi Sistemi del Mundo, Florence, Italy, 1632

NICOLAUS COPERNICUS (1473-1543). Polish astronomer. Line engraving, French, 18th century

ARMILLARY SPHERE. Tycho Brahes equatorial armillary sphere

The Geographer, 17th century artwork by the Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer (1632-1675). This artwork was finished in 1669, and forms a pair with The Astronomer (V700/157), also by Vermeer

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The Scientific Revolution: Unveiling the Secrets of the Universe In the late 16th century, a wave of intellectual curiosity swept across Europe, forever changing our understanding of the world. This period, known as the Scientific Revolution, witnessed groundbreaking discoveries and revolutionary ideas that challenged long-held beliefs. Johannes Kepler's model of the universe, depicted in his Mysterium Cosmographicum from 1596, presented a radical departure from traditional geocentric theories. With his sun-centered system, he paved the way for future astronomers to explore new frontiers. Galileo Galilei's sketches of the moon through his telescope in The Starry Messenger (1610) provided undeniable evidence against prevailing notions. His observations shattered centuries-old dogmas and propelled humanity towards an era where empirical evidence held greater sway than mere speculation. Nicolaus Copernicus' heliocentric theory gained momentum during this time. Depicted alongside Ptolemy in Andreas Cellarius' Atlas Coelestis seu Harmonia Macrocosmica (1660), Copernicus challenged conventional wisdom by placing the sun at the center of our solar system. Even amidst controversy and house arrest, Galileo Galilei continued to push boundaries. A line engraving captures John Milton visiting him during Miltons Italian tour in 1638-1639 – a testament to their shared pursuit of knowledge despite societal constraints. Andreas Vesalius revolutionized anatomical studies with De Humani Corporis Fabrica (1543). Woodcuts showcased intricate details like never before seen; they revealed hidden structures within our bodies that had previously eluded human comprehension. Isaac Newton's reflecting telescope from around 1670 exemplified his genius as both a physicist and mathematician. Through this instrument, he unraveled celestial mysteries and laid down foundations for modern optics. Robert Hooke's Micrographia (1665) introduced us to an entirely new world.