Symbiosis Collection (page 9)

Clownfish (Amphiprion sp. ) swimming near sea anemone
Clownfish (Amphiprion sp.) swimming near sea anemone

Clown Fish (Amphiprion sp. ) poking head out from Sea Anemone (Actinaria)
Clown Fish (Amphiprion sp.) poking head out from Sea Anemone (Actinaria)

Dog lichen ( Peltigera membranacea ) C017 / 7027
The foliose lichen, Peltigera membranacea (a so-called Dog lichen" ), growing on moss-covered rock in Western Scotland

Coloured SEM of a Garden ant carrying a Rose aphid
Ant carrying an aphid. Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of the head of a Garden ant Lasius niger with a Rose aphid nymph held in its mouthparts

Garden ant carrying a rose aphid, SEM
Ant carrying an aphid. Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of a garden ant (Lasius niger) with a rose aphid nymph (Macrosiphum rosae) held in its mouthparts

Cup lichen (Cladonia sp. )
Cup lichen (Cladonia sp.) growing on a stone. Lichens are symbiotic organisms formed of a fungus and an alga that mutually benefit one another. Photographed in the UK

Lichen, SEM C015 / 5082
Lichen, coloured environmental scanning electron micrograph (ESEM). Lichens are symbiotic organisms formed of a fungus and an alga that mutually benefit one another

Pine cone on lichen. Close-up of a cone from a pine (Pinus sp.) tree on reindeer lichen (Cladonia portentosa). Photographed in the UK

Ants tending aphids on a plant stem C014 / 0969
Ants tending aphids (white) on a plant stem. Many ants, live on a diet of honeydew excreted by aphids (superfamily Aphidoidea)

Arctic rocks and lichen (orange and grey). Lichens are formed from a symbiotic association between a fungus and an alga. The alga is contained within the fungus

Ciliate protozoan, light micrograph C014 / 4676
Ciliate protozoan. Differential interference contrast micrograph of a ciliate protozoan, showing the symbiotic green algae (Zoochlorellae, green) contained in vacuoles within

Lichen, SEM C014 / 4736
Lichen. Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) showing the structure of a lichen. Lichens are the result of a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and an alga

Ciliate protozoan, light micrograph C014 / 4667
Ciliate protozoan. Differential interference contrast micrograph of a ciliate protozoan, showing the symbiotic green algae (Zoochlorellae, green) contained in vacuoles within

Ants harvesting treehopper honeydew
Ants (brown) harvesting treehopper (green) honeydew. Honeydew is a sugary substance excreted by certain insects and their larvae (here)

Paramecium bursaria protozoan C016 / 8579
Paramecium bursaria protozoan, phase-contrast light micrograph. This ciliate protozoan inhabits freshwater, where it feeds mainly on bacteria

Blue Green Algae Nostoc C014 / 3088
Nostoc is a type of Blue Green Algae or Cyanobacteria. It consists of long strings of cells suspended in mucilage. To the naked rye it looks like blobs and folded sheets of green jelly

Boxer crab with anemones
This boxer crab, Lybia tesselata, attaches small stinging anemones to its claws for defence. Photographed at Depan Galala, Halmahera, Maluku Islands, Indonesia

Coral grouper being cleaned by shrimps
A coral grouper, Cephalopholis miniata, being cleaned by two cleaner shrimp. Photographed at North Ari Atoll, Maldives

Boxer shrimp cleaning in mouth of eel
A banded boxer shrimp, Stenopus hispidus, in giant moray eels mouth. Although this looks risky, the eel knows not to eat the shrimp as it is important in keeping the eel clean and parasite free

Cleaner wrasse in gills of squirrelfish
A sabre squirrelfish, Sargocentron spiniferum, with two symbiotic cleaner wrasse looking for parasites in gills. Photographed at South Ari Atoll, Maldives

Moray eel being cleaned by wrasse
A giant moray eel, Gymnothorax javanicus, with a cleaner wrasse feeding between its teeth. Photographed at North Ari Atoll, Maldives

Pufferfish with cleaner wrasse

Blackspotted puffer and cleaner wrasse. Blackspotted puffer (Arothron nigropunctatus) with a juvenile cleaner wrasse (family Labridae) on a reef. Photographed in the Andaman Sea, Thailand

Cleaner wrasse cleaning soldierfish
A bluestreak cleaner wrasse, Labroides dimidiatus, cleaning anal fin of squirrelfish. Photographed in North Ari Atoll, Maldives

Paramecium bursaria protozoan, light micr
Paramecium bursaria protozoan, differential interference contrast light micrograph. This ciliate protozoan inhabits freshwater, where it feeds mainly on bacteria

Powderblue surgeonfish with wrasse
A powderblue surgeonfish, Acanthurus leucosternon, having its mouth cleaned by cleaner wrasse Photographed at Ari Atoll, Maldives

Sectioned nitrogen-fixing nodule C013 / 7351
Nitrogen-fixing nodules on roots of a tree lupin, Lupinus arboreus, caused by Rhizobium bacteria. The association between Rhizobium species and leguminous plants is an example of symbiosis

Bare-root mycorrhizal fungi treatment C013 / 7276
Application of a mycorrhizal fungi product in the planting of a bare-root hedging plant. These fungi act as a plant stimulator by improving the access to nutrients

Ant symbiosis C013 / 7071
Ant symbiosis. Close-up of Philidris sp. ants and their eggs (white) inside the leaf of a Malayan urn vine (Dischidia major), with which they form a symbiotic relationship

Ant symbiosis C013 / 7073
Ant symbiosis. Close-up of Philidris sp. ants with their larvae (white) inside the leaf of a Malayan urn vine (Dischidia major), with which they form a symbiotic relationship

Ant symbiosis C013 / 7070
Ant symbiosis. Philidris sp. ants and their eggs (white) inside the leaf of a Malayan urn vine (Dischidia major), with which they form a symbiotic relationship

Ant symbiosis C013 / 7068
Ant symbiosis. Close-up of Philidris sp. ants on a Malayan urn vine (Dischidia major), with which they form a symbiotic relationship

Ant symbiosis C013 / 7069
Ant symbiosis. Philidris sp. ants on a Malayan urn vine (Dischidia major), with which they form a symbiotic relationship. This Southeast Asian epiphytic vine has inflated hollow leaves (large)

Ant symbiosis C013 / 7067
Ant symbiosis. Close-up of Philidris sp. ants on a Malayan urn vine (Dischidia major), with which they form a symbiotic relationship

Ant symbiosis C013 / 7066
Ant symbiosis. Close-up of Philidris sp. ants on a Malayan urn vine (Dischidia major), with which they form a symbiotic relationship

Ant symbiosis C013 / 7065
Ant symbiosis. Close-up of Philidris sp. ants on a Malayan urn vine (Dischidia major), with which they form a symbiotic relationship

Ant symbiosis C013 / 7064
Ant symbiosis. Close-up of Philidris sp. ants on a Malayan urn vine (Dischidia major), with which they form a symbiotic relationship

LM of a root nodule
Light micrograph of a root nodule of the broad bean, Vicia faba, a leguminous plant. The nodule develops in response to invasion by the bacteria Rhizobium sp

Nitrogen-fixing root nodule, micrograph
Nitrogen-fixing root nodule. Light micrograph of a section through a root nodule of a broad bean plant (Faba vulgaris) showing the symbiotic Rhizobium leguminosarum bacteria (purple) within it

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of Rhizobium leguminosarum nitrogen fixing bacteria (brown)

Three-spot damsel fish (Dascyllus trimaculatus), magnificent anemone (Heteractis magnifica) close-up, Ras Mohammed National Park, off Sharm el-Sheikh, Sinai, Red Sea, Egypt, North Africa, Africa

Red sea anemone fish (Amphiprion bicinctus) and magnificent anemone, (Heteractis magnifica), Ras Mohammed National Park, off Sharm el-Sheikh, Sinai, Red Sea, Egypt, North Africa, Africa

Teloschistes chrysopthalmus, lichen
Lichen shown in its herbarium packet from the collections of the Natural History Museum, London. Some lichens look virtually the same as dried specimens as in the field

Xanthoria parietina, lichen
Shown here is a maritime sunburst lichen. A photograph of the ascus containing eight ascopores

Field equipment

Lichens result from an intimate relationship between a fungus and an alga; there are about 18, 000 species

Witches Whiskers Lichen (Usnea florida) growing on oak branch, Powys, Wales, February

Lichen - on tree
ROG-13893 Lichen - on tree Ramalina fraxinea Bob Gibbons Please note that prints are for personal display purposes only and may not be reproduced in anyway

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"Symbiosis: Nature's Harmonious Dance of Life" Twoband anemonefish and their sea anemone homes form a perfect partnership, providing protection and food for each other in the vibrant coral reefs. Fly agaric fungi and trees engage in a fascinating symbiotic relationship, as the fungi help nourish the tree roots while receiving nutrients from them in return. Manta Rays gracefully glide through the Pacific Ocean with remora fish attached to their bodies, benefiting from cleaner fish removing parasites while offering transportation to these hitchhikers. As dawn breaks over Richmond Park, a majestic deer basks in the warm glow of sunlight, showcasing nature's symbiotic connection between animals and their environment. Spine-cheek Anemonefish find refuge within Sea Anemones' tentacles while providing them with food scraps—a beautiful example of mutualism found in tropical Indo-Pacific waters. Cup lichen thrives on rocks like Cladonia floerkeana, forming a mutually beneficial alliance where lichen provides shelter for algae that produce energy through photosynthesis. Lichen species Teloschistes chrysophthalmus demonstrates its resilience by surviving harsh conditions through its unique symbiosis between fungi and algae—an extraordinary collaboration. False clown anemonefish finds solace amidst colorful sea anemones, gaining protection from predators while bringing tidbits of food back to their hosts—truly harmonious teamwork. Giant manta rays soar majestically overhead as they navigate Mexican waters; these gentle giants offer sanctuary to smaller marine creatures seeking safety beneath their vast wingspan. Black rhinoceroses roam African landscapes embodying interconnectedness with plants—they disperse seeds allowing new life to flourish—a testament to nature's intricate web of relationships. Customers indulge in relaxation at a fish spa where doctor fish provide foot massages—an unconventional symbiotic bond between humans and these tiny aquatic therapists.