Theologians Collection

The Empyreum, Dante Room, Casino Massimo, Rome, 1818-24 (fresco)
703105 The Empyreum, Dante Room, Casino Massimo, Rome, 1818-24 (fresco) by Veit, Philipp (1793-1877); Casino Massimo, Rome

Fortress of Faith, besieged by unbelievers and heretics, 19th century (chromo)
531816 Fortress of Faith, besieged by unbelievers and heretics, 19th century (chromo) by French School, (15th century) (after); (add.info.: Fortress of Faith, besieged by unbelievers and heretics)

Detail from the Disputation of the Sacrament Fresco by the Italian Renaissance artist Raphael
5305495 Detail from the Disputation of the Sacrament Fresco by the Italian Renaissance artist Raphael by Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio of Urbino) (1483-1520); Vatican Museums and Galleries

Detail of the Disputation of the Holy Sacrament, c. 1509-10 (fresco)
SBL426333 Detail of the Disputation of the Holy Sacrament, c.1509-10 (fresco) by Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio of Urbino) (1483-1520); Vatican Museums and Galleries

Detail of the Disputation of the Holy Sacrament, c. 1509-10 (fresco)
SBL426332 Detail of the Disputation of the Holy Sacrament, c.1509-10 (fresco) by Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio of Urbino) (1483-1520); Vatican Museums and Galleries

Desiderius Erasmus
3785787 Desiderius Erasmus by French School, (19th century); (add.info.: Desiderius Erasmus - from portrait after wood engraving, 16th century. (Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris: Cabinet of Designs)

Desiderius Erasmus
3785918 Desiderius Erasmus by French School, (19th century); (add.info.: Desiderius Erasmus - from portrait after wood engraving, 16th century. (Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris: Cabinet of Designs)

Erasmus and Quentin Matsys, 1908 (oil on panel)
471391 Erasmus and Quentin Matsys, 1908 (oil on panel) by Siberdt, Eugene (1851-1931); 90x69 cm; Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten, Antwerp, Belgium; (add.info.: Desiderius Erasmus)

John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, beheaded in the reign of King Henry VIII (engraving)
964877 John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, beheaded in the reign of King Henry VIII (engraving) by Holbein the Younger, Hans (1497/8-1543) (after); Private Collection; (add.info.: John Fisher)

MS 278b, Historiated initial F from an antiphoner showing Saint Thomas Aquinas teaching six men from and open book
FIT276182 MS 278b, Historiated initial F from an antiphoner showing Saint Thomas Aquinas teaching six men from and open book (vellum) by Giacomo

Isaac Watts, in the National Portrait Gallery (engraving)
1625812 Isaac Watts, in the National Portrait Gallery (engraving) by English School, (19th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: Isaac Watts, in the National Portrait Gallery)

The late Reverend Philip Schaff, DD (engraving)
1627532 The late Reverend Philip Schaff, DD (engraving) by English School, (19th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: The late Reverend Philip Schaff, DD)

Pierre d Ailly (engraving)
816587 Pierre d Ailly (engraving) by Thevet, Andre (1504-92) (after); Private Collection; (add.info.: Pierre d Ailly, French theologian, astrologer, and cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church)

Jean Zonare (engraving)
816642 Jean Zonare (engraving) by Thevet, Andre (1504-92) (after); Private Collection; (add.info.: Jean Zonare, French historian, theologian and Byzantine canon)

Portrait of Johannes Hoornbeek (engraving)
820507 Portrait of Johannes Hoornbeek (engraving) by Dutch School, (17th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: Johannes Hoornbeek, Dutch theologian.); Look and Learn / Elgar Collection; Dutch

Saint Jerome, 1644 (etching)
874669 Saint Jerome, 1644 (etching) by Bol, Ferdinand (1616-80); 28.58 x24.77 cm; San Diego Museum of Art, USA; (add.info.: Saint Jerome (c.aO347-420), Christian priest

Portrait of Richard Bentley (engraving)
819847 Portrait of Richard Bentley (engraving) by English School, (19th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: Richard Bentley, English classical scholar, critic and theologian)

Portrait of Isaac Barrow (engraving)
819491 Portrait of Isaac Barrow (engraving) by Whood, Isaac (c.1688-1752); Private Collection; (add.info.: Isaac Barrow, English Christian theologian and mathematician)

Portrait of Theodore Cornhert (engraving)
820521 Portrait of Theodore Cornhert (engraving) by Goltzius, Hendrik (1558-1617) (after); Private Collection; (add.info.: Theodore Cornhert, Dutch writer, philosopher, politician and theologian)

The Virgin Enthroned between Saints Carlo Borromeo and Ignatius of Loyola, c
703348 The Virgin Enthroned between Saints Carlo Borromeo and Ignatius of Loyola, c.1685 (oil on canvas) by Maratti, Carlo (1625-1713); Santa Maria in Vallicella, Rome

The Disputation of the Holy Sacrament, from the Stanza della Segnatura, 1509-10 (fresco)
703089 The Disputation of the Holy Sacrament, from the Stanza della Segnatura, 1509-10 (fresco) by Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio of Urbino) (1483-1520); 500x770 cm; Vatican Museums and Galleries

View of the northern transept with scenes from the Life of the Virgin (photo)
NUL262963 View of the northern transept with scenes from the Life of the Virgin (photo) by French School, (16th century); Abbey of St

John Wycliffe (engraving)
812643 John Wycliffe (engraving) by English School, (19th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: John Wycliffe, English scholar, philosopher, theologian and preacher)

Martin Luther, lithograph by James Weber (c. 1824-86), c. 1850 (litho)
2563358 Martin Luther, lithograph by James Weber (c.1824-86), c.1850 (litho) by Cranach, Lucas the Elder (1472-1553) (after); 13x9.375 cm; Free Library of Philadelphia; (add.info)

Athanase Josue Coquerel (engraving)
1049257 Athanase Josue Coquerel (engraving) by English School, (19th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: Athanase Josue Coquerel)

Dr David Friedrich Strauss (engraving)
1058432 Dr David Friedrich Strauss (engraving) by English School, (19th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: Dr David Friedrich Strauss)

The Late Professor Maurice (engraving)
1057803 The Late Professor Maurice (engraving) by English School, (19th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: The Late Professor Maurice)

The late Reverend Edwin Hatch, DD (b / w photo)
1596275 The late Reverend Edwin Hatch, DD (b/w photo) by English Photographer, (19th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: The late Reverend Edwin Hatch, DD)

Portrait of Hugo Grotius (engraving)
819919 Portrait of Hugo Grotius (engraving) by English School, (19th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: Hugo Grotius, Dutch philosopher, jurist, theologian)

Portrait of Jacques-Benigne Bossuet (engraving)
819416 Portrait of Jacques-Benigne Bossuet (engraving) by Rigaud, Hyacinthe (1659-1743) (after); Private Collection; (add.info.: Jacques-Benigne Bossuet, French bishop and theologian)

Servitor, Bachelor of Divinity, Collector, engraved by J. Agar, published in R
778197 Servitor, Bachelor of Divinity, Collector, engraved by J. Agar, published in R. Ackermanns History of Oxford, 1814 (hand-coloured engraving) by Uwins

Portrait of Georg Eder, 1574 (engraving)
1071355 Portrait of Georg Eder, 1574 (engraving) by Rota, Martino (c.1520-83); 11.1x8.9 cm; Dallas Museum of Art, Texas, USA; (add.info.: Georg Eder (1523-87)

St. Jerome Praying: Arched Print, 1632 (etching & drypoint)
1068212 St. Jerome Praying: Arched Print, 1632 (etching & drypoint) by Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn (1606-69); 11x8 cm; Dallas Museum of Art, Texas, USA; (add.info.: Saint Jerome (c.347-420), priest

Erasmus (engraving)
1107673 Erasmus (engraving) by Holbein the Younger, Hans (1497/8-1543) (after); Private Collection; (add.info.: Erasmus. Illustration for The Illustrated London News)

Statue of Richard Baxter, the Puritan Divine, at Kidderminster (engraving)
1621244 Statue of Richard Baxter, the Puritan Divine, at Kidderminster (engraving) by English School, (19th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: Statue of Richard Baxter, the Puritan Divine)

Statue of Dr Priestley at Birmingham (engraving)
1589204 Statue of Dr Priestley at Birmingham (engraving) by English School, (19th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: Statue of Dr Priestley at Birmingham)

The late Dr Hort (engraving)
1603779 The late Dr Hort (engraving) by English School, (19th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: The late Dr Hort. Illustration for The Illustrated London News, 10 December 1892)

St. Jerome Praying: Arched Print, 1632 (etching)
1069893 St. Jerome Praying: Arched Print, 1632 (etching) by Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn (1606-69); 11x8.1 cm; Dallas Museum of Art, Texas, USA; (add.info.: Saint Jerome (c.347-420), priest

Dr Nicols Beets ("Hildebrand"), of Utrecht (engraving)
1107628 Dr Nicols Beets (" Hildebrand" ), of Utrecht (engraving) by English School, (19th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: Dr Nicols Beets (" Hildebrand" ), of Utrecht

Theodoret of Cyr (engraving)
816634 Theodoret of Cyr (engraving) by Thevet, Andre (1504-92) (after); Private Collection; (add.info.: Theodoret of Cyr, Greek bishop, theologian and Christian historian)

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"Theologians: Defenders of Faith in a World of Doubt and Controversy" In the 19th century, theologians stood as the fortress of faith, besieged by unbelievers and heretics. Like a chromo painting, they fought to preserve the sacred truths against the backdrop of skepticism. Raphael's Disputation of the Sacrament Fresco captures their intellectual battles. In this detail, we witness theologians engaging in passionate debates, seeking to unravel theological mysteries and defend orthodox beliefs. The Empyreum fresco in Rome's Casino Massimo further illustrates their dedication. Painted between 1818-24, it depicts theologians immersed in divine knowledge, striving to comprehend God's grand design amidst earthly chaos. Desiderius Erasmus emerges as a prominent figure among these defenders. His portrait alongside Quentin Matsys showcases his influence on religious thought during that era—a beacon of enlightenment challenging dogmas with reason and scholarship. But not all they were fortunate enough to escape persecution. John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, paid the ultimate price for his unwavering commitment to truth—beheaded under King Henry VIII's reign—an emblematic martyr for theological conviction. Yet amidst turmoil and danger, theology flourished. Saint Thomas Aquinas' teachings illuminated manuscripts like MS 278b Historiated initial F—an image capturing him imparting wisdom from an open book onto eager disciples—a testament to enduring impact across centuries. Beyond their scholarly pursuits lay poets who blended theology with artistry. Samuel Taylor Coleridge stands tall amongst them—a poet whose words breathed life into spiritual contemplation while Isaac Watts found immortality through hymns that still resonate today. These glimpses into history remind us that they can more than mere scholars—they are guardians entrusted with preserving faith amid doubt and controversy. Their legacy endures through artistry and intellect—their voices echoing throughout time as beacons guiding humanity towards deeper understanding and spiritual enlightenment.