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Bifolium Excised from a Carolingian Gradual, c. 830-860. Creator: Unknown
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Bifolium Excised from a Carolingian Gradual, c. 830-860. Creator: Unknown
Bifolium Excised from a Carolingian Gradual, c. 830-860. This rare leaf comes from a cantatorium or gradual, a book containing the chants to be sung during the Mass. Other leaves from the same book survive in Berlin and Trier. A bifolium, or double-leaf, it does not contain decorated letters but rather " emphasized" letters. These were enlarged and pushed out into the margins to call attention to the eye. Such emphasized letters originated in late classical times and were the precursor to the decorated initial developed by medieval scribes. The purple-stained vellum (now faded to a deep pink) with its text written in gold and silver inks (now turned black) suggested great luxury with its sumptuous appearance. In Mediterranean regions, the purple dye was obtained from murex, a shell-fish dye. In northern Europe, plant dyes were used as an alternative. Combined with the use of gold and silver ink (now turned black) a spectacular appearance was achieved that is traceable back to classical antiquity
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Media ID 19621272
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EDITORS COMMENTS
This print showcases a rare and exquisite artifact from the Carolingian period, specifically a bifolium excised from a Carolingian Gradual dating back to around 830-860. The creator of this remarkable piece remains unknown, adding an air of mystery and intrigue to its historical significance. Originally part of a cantatorium or gradual, which contained chants for Mass, this leaf stands as one of few surviving fragments alongside others in Berlin and Trier. While lacking decorated letters typically found in such manuscripts, it features "emphasized" letters that were enlarged and pushed out into the margins to catch the eye. This technique originated in late classical times and paved the way for the development of medieval scribes' decorated initials. The deep pink hue that now adorns the once purple-stained vellum hints at its former opulence. In Mediterranean regions, murex shell-fish dye was used to achieve this regal coloration; however, plant dyes became prevalent in northern Europe. Complemented by gold and silver ink (now turned black), these materials create a stunning visual effect reminiscent of classical antiquity. Preserved through time, this bifolium offers us a glimpse into the artistic mastery and luxurious craftsmanship cherished during the Carolingian era. Its sumptuous appearance is sure to captivate any viewer with its rich history and enduring beauty.
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