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Hard Labor Convicts Working at the Gornyi Zerentui Flour Mill, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
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Hard Labor Convicts Working at the Gornyi Zerentui Flour Mill, 1891. Creator: Aleksei Kuznetsov
Hard Labor Convicts Working at the Gornyi Zerentui Flour Mill, 1891. One of 74 views taken in July 1891 and contained in the albumTipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi (Views and inhabitants of Nerchinsk hard labor camps). The Nerchinskkatorgawas part of the katorga (forced labor) system of imperial Russia, located in the province of Transbaikalia (present-day Zabaykal'skiy Kray), near the Russian border with China. The katorga was administered by the Ministry of Interior and included prisons at Akatuy, Kara, Aleksandrovsk, Nerchinskii Zavod, and Zerentuy, all of which are depicted in the album. National Library of Russia
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Aleksei Kirillovich Kuznetsov Aleksei Kuznetsov Convict Convicts Exile Exiled Flour Mill Forced Labour Hard Labour Katorga Kuznetsov Aleksei Labour Camp Mill Nerchinsk Transbaikal Territory Russia Penal Servitude Prison Camp Prisoner Prisoners Punishing Punishment Siberia Siberian Transbaikal Russia Zabaykalsky Krai Russia Meeting Of Frontiers
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EDITORS COMMENTS
This evocative photograph, titled 'Hard Labor Convicts Working at the Gornyi Zerentui Flour Mill' by Aleksei Kuznetsov, captures a moment in time from the late 19th century in the Nerchinsk hard labor camps, located in the Transbaikal territory of Russia, near the border with China. The image is one of 74 views contained in the album 'Tipy i vidy Nerchinskoi katorgi' (Views and inhabitants of Nerchinsk hard labor camps), which was administered by the Ministry of Interior. The photograph depicts a group of male convicts, dressed in ragged clothing, working at the Gornyi Zerentui Flour Mill. The mill, with its wooden structures and large machinery, stands prominently in the background. The convicts, some with their heads down, are engaged in the arduous task of loading flour sacks onto a cart. The image underscores the harsh realities of the Russian penal system during this period, where convicts were subjected to forced labor as a means of punishment. The Nerchinsk labor camps were part of the larger katorga system, which included prisons at Akatuy, Kara, Aleksandrovsk, Nerchinskii Zavod, and Zerentuy. The camps were located in remote areas, often in harsh climates, and were intended to serve as a deterrent for criminal activity. The convicts were subjected to long hours of hard labor, with little regard for their health or well-being. The photograph is a poignant reminder of the human cost of the penal system during this era, and the meeting of frontiers between Russia and China. It also highlights the industrialization of Russia during the 19th century, with the construction of mills and other infrastructure to support the growing economy. The image is a valuable historical document, offering insight into the lives of those who were exiled and subjected to forced labor during this period.
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