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James Duke of Berwick
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James Duke of Berwick
James Fitzjames, duke of BERWICK son of James II of England and Arabella Churchill, Marechal de France Date: 1670 - 1734
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Media ID 14275460
© Mary Evans Picture Library
1670 1734 Arabella Berwick Churchill Fitzjames Marechal
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EDITORS COMMENTS
This striking portrait depicts James Fitzjames, the 1st Duke of Berwick (1670-1734), a prominent figure in European military history and the illegitimate son of King James II of England and Arabella Churchill. Born in 1670, Berwick's lineage placed him in a unique position, granting him access to the highest echelons of power. Despite his illegitimate status, Berwick's military prowess and loyalty to his father earned him numerous titles and appointments. He was created Duke of Berwick and Marquess of Lothian in 1672, and later became a Marshal of France in 1689 after his father's exile. Berwick's military career spanned several European conflicts, including the Nine Years' War and the War of the Spanish Succession. He proved himself to be a formidable commander, leading French forces to several victories against the Austrians and the British. Despite his successes on the battlefield, Berwick's personal life was marked by tragedy and scandal. He was married three times, and each marriage ended in divorce or widowhood. His eldest son, James, was recognized as a legitimate heir by his grandfather, King James II, but was later disinherited due to his involvement in a plot against the English government. The Duke of Berwick's legacy extends beyond his military accomplishments. He was a patron of the arts and sciences, and is believed to have commissioned the famous painting "The Rape of Europa" by Artemisia Gentileschi. This portrait, likely taken in the late 17th or early 18th century, captures the Duke of Berwick in his prime. His regal bearing and piercing gaze convey a sense of confidence and determination, reflecting the indomitable spirit that defined his life and military career.
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