Observations of The Transit of Venus
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Observations of The Transit of Venus
Captain James Cooks observations of the transit of venus published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society in 1771 (Volume LXI Tab. XIV, p.140)
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Media ID 8608360
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18th Century Captain Cook Captain James Cook Cook Observation Transit Venus
EDITORS COMMENTS
This illustration depicts the observations of the Transit of Venus made by the renowned British explorer, Captain James Cook, during his Pacific voyages in the late 18th century. The Transit of Venus is a rare astronomical event in which Venus passes directly between the Earth and the Sun, appearing as a black dot from Earth's perspective. Cook's expedition in 1769 was one of several organized by European powers to precisely measure the transit's duration and distance of Venus from the Sun, which would help calculate the size and distance of the Solar System. The intricately detailed drawing, published in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society in 1771 (Volume LXI Tab. XIV, p.140), illustrates Cook's observations of the transit as recorded on board the HMS Endeavour. Cook's team used instruments such as a quadrant, sextant, and chronometer to make precise measurements of the transit's timing and position. This information was crucial for advancing scientific knowledge of the Solar System and refining astronomical calculations. Captain Cook's voyages were not only significant for their contributions to astronomy but also for their exploration and cartography of the Pacific. Cook's meticulous observations during the transit of Venus demonstrate the interconnectedness of scientific discovery and exploration during the Age of Enlightenment. This illustration is a testament to the curiosity, determination, and ingenuity of 18th-century scientists and explorers, who sought to expand human knowledge through rigorous observation and measurement.
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