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Battle of Mill Spring, Ky. Jan 19th 1862 (colour litho)
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Battle of Mill Spring, Ky. Jan 19th 1862 (colour litho)
497538 Battle of Mill Spring, Ky. Jan 19th 1862 (colour litho) by Currier, N. (1813-88) and Ives, J.M. (1824-95); 30.3x40.3 cm; Gilder Lehrman Collection, New York, USA; (add.info.: " Terrific bayonet charge of the 9th Ohio Volunteers (Col. McCook) and total defeat of the Rebel under Genl. Zollicoffer by the Gallant Soldiers of the West." Full color picture depicting straight and orderly rows of Union soldiers dressed in blue attacking a retreating and disorganized group of Confederate soldiers dressed in green.
Although Brigadier General Felix K. Zollicoffers main responsibility was to guard Cumberland Gap, in November 1861 he advanced west into Kentucky to strengthen control in the area around Somerset. He found a strong defensive position at Mill Springs and decided to make it his winter quarters. He fortified the area, especially both sides of the Cumberland River. Major General George Crittenden, Zollicoffers superior, had arrived at Mill Springs and taken command of the Confederate troops. He knew that Union Brigadier General George Thomas was in the vicinity and decided that his best defense was to attack the Federals. The Rebels attacked Thomas at Logans Crossroads at dawn on January 19. Unbeknownst to the Confederates, some of Brig. General Albin Schoepfs troops had arrived and reinforced the Union force. Initially, the Rebel attack forced the first unit it hit to retire, but stiff resistance followed and Zollicoffer was killed. The Rebels made another attack but were repulsed. Union counterattacks on the Confederate right and left were successful, forcing them from the field in a retreat that ended in Murfreesboro, Tennessee. Mill Springs, along with Middle Creek, broke whatever Confederate strength there was in eastern Kentucky. Thereafter, from January-June 1862, Union forces thrust deep into the South, forcing Confederates to abandon southern Kentucky, much of Middle and West Tennessee, and southwest Missouri.
); eGilder Lehrman Institute of American History; American, out of copyright
Media ID 22405788
© Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History / Bridgeman Images
American Civil War Charge Civil War Confederate Defeat Federal Kentucky Losing Retreat Southern Union Unionist Winning
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EDITORS COMMENTS
This vibrant and historically significant print captures the intense Battle of Mill Spring, which took place on January 19th, 1862. Created by renowned artists Currier and Ives, this colour lithograph depicts a pivotal moment in the American Civil War. The scene showcases the dramatic bayonet charge of the 9th Ohio Volunteers led by Colonel McCook, resulting in the resounding defeat of Confederate forces under General Zollicoffer. The composition portrays a stark contrast between two opposing armies. Union soldiers dressed in their distinctive blue uniforms march forward with unwavering determination and discipline. In contrast, retreating Confederate soldiers clad in green appear disorganized and overwhelmed by the relentless assault. Brigadier General Felix K. Zollicoffer had initially sought to fortify his position at Mill Springs as winter quarters while guarding Cumberland Gap. However, Major General George Crittenden decided that an offensive strategy was necessary to counter Union forces led by Brigadier General George Thomas. Despite initial success for the Confederates, reinforcements from Brigadier General Albin Schoepfs bolstered Union ranks and turned the tide of battle against them. Zollicoffer himself tragically lost his life during this fierce engagement. The significance of this victory cannot be overstated; it shattered Confederate strength in eastern Kentucky and paved the way for subsequent Union advances into southern territories throughout early 1862. This remarkable print serves as a powerful reminder of bravery exhibited by both sides during one of America's most tumultuous periods - a testament to our nation's enduring history.
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