Differentiation Collection

Glial stem cell culture, light micrograph
Glial stem cell culture. Fluorescent light micrograph of glial stem cells producing the protein NG2 (red) as they mature. These stem cells can differentiate into several types of glial cells

Neural stem cell culture. Fluorescent light micrograph of a group of neural stem cells (neurosphere) in culture. Neural stem cells are able to differentiate into neurons (nerve cells)

Fish embryo, artwork
Fish embryo. Historical artwork showing stages in the development of a fish embryo. Figures 1 and 2 show gastrulation, the process of differentiation whereby the 3 germ layers (ectoderm)

Directed differentiation of multipotential human neural progenitor cells
Human neural progenitor cells were isolated under selective culture conditions from the developing human brain and directed through lineage differentiation to GFAP + (glial fibrillary acid protein)

Neural progenitor cell differentiation C018 / 8758
Neural progenitor cell differentiation. Fluorescence light micrograph of neural progenitor cells that have been grown in a medium that is selective for astrocytes for three weeks

Stem cell dying, SEM
Stem cell dying. Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of a stem cell undergoing apoptosis, or programmed cell death. Apoptosis occurs when a cell becomes old or damaged

Nerve growth factor bound to receptor, molecular model. Nerve growth factor (NGF) complexed with the TrkA receptor. NGF is a neurotrophin that acts on the development and function of nerves

Mesenchymal stem cells, SEM
Mesenchymal stem cells. Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of two human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs are multipotent stromal (connective tissue)

Creating new neural pathways, artwork
Creating new neural pathways. Artwork showing the process involved in the formation of new nerve cells (neurogenesis) and neural pathways

Neurosphere culture. Fluorescent light microscope of a group of neural stem cells (neurosphere) in culture. The stem cells are differentiating into neurons (red) and nerve support cells (green)

Nerve cell growth. Fluorescent light micrograph of a PC12 cell following stimulation by nerve growth factor. The cell body contains the nucleus (green)

Neurogenesis, artwork
Neurogenesis. Artwork of an adult brain, revealing neurogenesis (nerve cell synthesis) sites. It was once believed that adult brains could not synthesise new neurons (nerve cells)

Lymph node, light micrograph
Lymph node. Coloured light micrograph of a section through a lymph node. A lymph node filters pathogens from lymph fluid, a watery liquid that surrounds the tissues of the body

Stem cell, conceptual artwork. A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell that can produce other types of cell when it divides

Embryoid bodies, light micrograph
Embryoid bodies, coloured light micrograph. Embryoid bodies (EBs) are aggregates of differentiating embryonic stem (ES) cells. They are formed when ES cells are cultured in suspension

Stem cells, light micrograph
Stem cells. Coloured light micrograph of stem cells undergoing spontaneous differentiation. Stem cells are precursor cells that can differentiate spontaneously or in a directed fashion to form

Epidermal growth factor molecule. Computer model showing the structure of a molecule of epidermal growth factor (EGF). EGF plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth

Glial stem cell culture, light micrograph
Glial stem cell culture. Fluorescent light micrograph of glial stem cells producing the proteins NG2 (green) and OLIG2 (oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor 2, red) as they mature

Vertebrate embryonic development, artwork
Vertebrate embryonic development. Historical artwork showing the development of an embryo from cleavage (top left) to gastrulation (bottom right)

Neural stem cells in culture
Neural stem cell in culture, fluorescent light micrograph. The stem cells have been dyed for nestin (red), an intermediate filament (IF) protein, and the nuclei are dyed blue

Embryonic stem cells in culture. Light micrograph of stem cells taken from a mouse embryo. Embryonic stem cells are a potential source of cells to replace damaged or lost brain cells

TGF beta, molecular model
TGF beta molecule. Molecular model showing the primary (rods) and secondary structure (arrows) of transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta)

Nerve growth factor, molecular model
Nerve growth factor. Molecular model showing the secondary structure of nerve growth factor (NGF). NGF is a small protein, which is involved in the growth

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"Unlocking the Potential: Exploring Differentiation in Stem Cells" In the vast realm of scientific research, differentiation stands as a key process that holds immense promise for unlocking the potential within stem cells. Through various techniques and methodologies, scientists delve into the intricate world of cellular development, seeking to understand how these remarkable cells transform and specialize. One captivating avenue lies in glial stem cell culture, where researchers cultivate these specialized cells derived from neural tissue. Under careful observation through light micrographs, we witness their complex structures intertwining like an elaborate tapestry, offering glimpses into their unique functions within the nervous system. Similarly intriguing is neural stem cell culture – a fascinating realm where scientists nurture and study these versatile cells with boundless possibilities. As we peer through our microscope lenses at fish embryos transformed into breathtaking artwork, we marvel at nature's ability to guide cellular differentiation towards specific destinies. Mesenchymal stem cells take center stage under scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealing their intricate features in stunning detail. These multipotent wonders hold tremendous therapeutic potential due to their ability to differentiate into various cell types such as bone or cartilage. The directed differentiation of human neural progenitor cells further captivates us as researchers skillfully coax them along specific developmental pathways towards becoming functional neurons or glial cells. The SEM images continue to amaze us as they unveil mesenchymal stem cells' diverse forms – each one representing a unique step on its journey towards specialization. We witness mesmerizing snapshots of this dynamic process; some depict vibrant clusters bursting forth with life while others showcase individual stems reaching outwards like explorers venturing into uncharted territories. Yet amidst this transformative beauty lies another facet - the delicate balance between life and death within stem cell populations. SEM images reveal stark visuals of dying stem cells – a reminder that not all paths lead to success but rather serve as stepping stones in understanding cellular fate during differentiation processes.