Philosophical Collection (page 8)

Jean-Jacques Rousseau composing Emile in Montmorency valley, engraved by Hippolyte Huet
XIR382375 Jean-Jacques Rousseau composing Emile in Montmorency valley, engraved by Hippolyte Huet (19th century) (engraving) by Albrier, Joseph (1791-1863) (after); Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris

St. Augustine in his Cell, c. 1480 (fresco) (detail of 29143)
XIR228249 St. Augustine in his Cell, c.1480 (fresco) (detail of 29143) by Botticelli, Sandro (Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi) (1444/5-1510); Ognissanti, Florence

York UK 1873, I. Monk Bar. 2. Walm Gate. 3. Micklegate Bar. 4. York Minster. 5. Cliffords Tower 6. St. Marys Abbey.-7. Philosophical Gardens

York UK 1873, Philosophical Gardens

Result of losing a game of Buttons
The Game of Buttons - a philosophical response from victor to loser. Winner (to the ruined one) - " Well, dash it all, old man

Green-house. Copper-plate illustration from Richard Bradley, New improvements of planting and gardening, both philosophical and practical. Plate III. Date: 1739

Alessandro Volta (1745-1827) Italian physicist. His wet battery (pile) from his paper published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London, 1800

Observation of spiral galaxy in Canes Venatici by Lord Rosse. From his paper Observations of Nebulae Philosophical Transactions, London, 1850. Engraving

Robert Jameson (1774-1854) Scottish mineralogist. (1833). Jameson was Regis professor of natural history at Edinburgh 1804-1854. With David Brewster he founded Edinburgh Philosophical Journal

John Bartram (1699-1777) Father of American botany : botanist agriculturist: original member of American Philosophical Society. Bartrams house near Philadelphia. Wood engraving, New York, 1884

The Great Lisbon Earthquake of l November 1755 which destroyed much of the city and killed thousands of the inhabitants. The earthquake was followed by a tidal wave

Classical elements, artwork C017 / 3603
Classical elements. Computer artwork representing the four classical elements of (clockwise from upper left) air, earth, water and fire

MENCIUS (372-289 BC). CHINESE
MENCIUS (372-289 BC). Chinese philosopher of the Confucius philosophical school. Portrait of Mencius with the inscription:

Democritean Universe. 17th-century artwork of the atomistic universe proposed by the Ancient Greek philosopher Democritus (c.460-370 BC). The artwork was published in 1675

Celsus, Roman philosopher
Celsus, 2nd century Roman philosopher, known mainly through his literary work The True Word, which was a polemic attack on Christianity

Auguste Comte, French philosopher
Auguste Comte (1798-1857), French philosopher. Comte, who is considered the father of modern sociology, coined the term sociology as part of his description of the new science

Thomas Hobbes, English philosopher
Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), English philosopher. Hobbes led a sheltered and long life, mostly as secretary and teacher to the family of Lord Cavendish, Earl of Devonshire

Confucius, Chinese philosopher
Confucius (551-479 BC), Chinese philosopher. After his death, his disciples and followers developed his teachings into the quasi-religious system of ethics, morals and politics known as Confucianism

Erasmus, Dutch theologian
Erasmus (c.1466-1536), Dutch theologian. Born Gerrit Gerritszoon, and later known as Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam, Erasmus studied in monastic schools

Rene Descartes and Queen Christina
Rene Descartes (1596-1650), French mathematician, teaching astronomy to Queen Christina of Sweden (1626-1689). Descartes accepted a post at Christinas court in Stockholm in September 1649

Jeremy Bentham, British philosopher
Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832), British philosopher, linguist, political activist and legal scholar. Best known as the founder of utilitarianism, or philosophical radicalism

Chinese religious leaders, known as the three holy ones. Confucius (551-479 BC, lower left) founded the quasi-religious system of Confucianism

Voltaire, French author
Voltaire (1694-1778). Historical artwork of the French author and poet Voltaire. Voltaire, born Francois Marie Arouet, wrote more than 20, 000 letters and more than 2000 books and pamphlets

Jean Rousseau, Genevan philosopher
Jean Rousseau (1712-1778). Historical artwork of the Genevan philosopher, writer and composer Jean Jacques Rousseau. Rousseaus romantic works were seen to have encouraged human attachment to nature

J-P. Durand, French philosopher
Joseph-Pierre Durand (1826-1900), French philosopher and early hypnotist. Durand was part of the early work on hypnosis in France

Bernard de Fontenelle, French writer
Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle (1657-1757), French writer. Fontenelle wrote extensively on the history and philosophy of mathematics and science

Voltaire, French author
Voltaire (1694-1778), French author and poet. Voltaire, born Francois Marie Arouet, wrote more than 20, 000 letters and more than 2000 books and pamphlets

Elizabeth of Bohemia, Princess Palatine (1618-1680), Philosopher. Elizabeth was the eldest daughter of Frederick V and Elizabeth Stuart

Lloyd George and Herbert Samuel
The Liberal politicians David Lloyd George (1863-1945) and Herbert Samuel (1870-1963) watching a passing parade. Lloyd George was War Minister

Armstrongs hydro-electric machine
Hydro-electric machine invented by William George Armstrong (1810-1900), later Baron Armstrong of Bamburgh and Cragside, in the 1840 s

Adolphe Franck
ADOLPHE FRANCK French philosophical writer

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Delving into the depths of human existence, philosophical minds like Jean-Paul Sartre and David Hume have shaped our understanding of reality. From Socrates' caricatured wisdom to the mind-boggling concept of multiple universes, these thinkers have challenged conventional beliefs. George Berkeley's Irish charm brings forth his idealism while Plato's ancient Greek wisdom continues to inspire generations. With a touch of humor, Baruch Spinoza and Plato in caricature remind us not to take ourselves too seriously as we ponder life's mysteries. John Cowper Powys adds a unique perspective to the philosophical discourse, while Rene Descartes' mathematical genius intertwines with his profound thoughts on existence. Michel De Montaigne invites us to explore our own selves through introspection and self-reflection. In this vast realm of philosophy, where reason meets imagination, these great minds continue to guide us towards deeper understanding and contemplation.