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Pinicola enucleator, pine grosbeak
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Pinicola enucleator, pine grosbeak
Plate 358 from John James Audubons Birds of America, original double elephant folio (1835-38), hand-coloured aquatint. Engraved, printed and coloured by R. Havell (& Son), London
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Media ID 8579431
© Mary Evans Picture Library 2015 - https://copyrighthub.org/s0/hub1/creation/maryevans/MaryEvansPictureID/10704823
Aquatint Audubon Bill Birds Of America Conifer Coniferae Coniferophyta Coniferous Crossed Fringillidae Grosbeak Gymnosperm Needle Passeriformes Passerine Perched Perching Pinaceae Pinales Pine Pine Grosbeak Pinicola Pinicola Enucleator
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EDITORS COMMENTS
This stunningly intricate illustration showcases the Pine Grosbeak, or Pinicola enucleator, perched gracefully on a conifer branch. Plate 358 from John James Audubon's iconic work, "Birds of America," was created between 1835 and 1838 and is part of the original double elephant folio edition. The illustration was expertly engraved, printed, and hand-colored by R. Havell & Son in London. The Pine Grosbeak is a passerine bird, belonging to the Fringillidae family and the Passeriformes order. It is a vibrant, plump bird, with a distinctive red face, yellow wing bars, and a large, conical bill. The bird is depicted here with its bill crossed, likely in the act of cracking open a conifer cone to extract the seeds. The illustration masterfully captures the beauty and detail of the Pine Grosbeak in its natural habitat. The coniferous needles and pine cones are rendered with exquisite precision, adding to the overall sense of realism and depth. The use of hand-coloring adds a richness and vibrancy to the illustration, bringing the bird and its surroundings to life. The Pine Grosbeak is a gymnosperm specialist, meaning it primarily feeds on seeds from conifers, such as those depicted in the illustration. The scientific name Pinicola enucleator translates to "pine dweller with a closed eye," likely referring to the bird's habit of closing its eyes when it feeds on cones. Audubon's "Birds of America" is considered one of the greatest achievements in the history of natural history illustration. The work is renowned for its accuracy, detail, and beauty, and remains an enduring testament to Audubon's passion for the natural world.
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