1803 1879 Collection

Procession women cross Lima costumes 1853 Fierro
Procession of women with a cross, Lima costumes, ca. 1853, Fierro, Pancho, 1803-1879, Smith, Archibald, M.D. Watercolor on paper, ca. 1853, Attributed to Pancho Fierro, also known as Francisco Fierro

cane rancho hut erected purpose dancing Lima costumes
A cane rancho or hut erected for the purpose of dancing, Lima costumes, ca. 1853, Fierro, Pancho, 1803-1879, Smith, Archibald, M.D. Watercolor on paper, ca

Village Matucana Lima costumes 1853 Fierro Pancho
Village of Matucana, Lima costumes, ca. 1853, Fierro, Pancho, 1803-1879, Smith, Archibald, M.D. Watercolor on paper, ca. 1853, Attributed to Pancho Fierro, also known as Francisco Fierro

El Arriero mules laden cases goods led mulateer
El Arriero, mules laden with cases of goods, led by a mulateer, Lima costumes, ca. 1853, Fierro, Pancho, 1803-1879, Smith, Archibald, M.D. Watercolor on paper, ca

Two figures bathing ocean Lima costumes 1853
Two figures bathing in the ocean, Lima costumes, ca. 1853, Fierro, Pancho, 1803-1879, Smith, Archibald, M.D. Watercolor on paper, ca. 1853, Attributed to Pancho Fierro, also known as Francisco Fierro

Women Procession Festival San Juan de Dios Lima costumes
Women in Procession for the Festival of San Juan de Dios, Lima costumes, ca. 1853, Fierro, Pancho, 1803-1879, Smith, Archibald, M.D. Watercolor on paper, ca

Tapada blue saya Gutierrez collection maps images
Tapada with blue saya, Gutierrez collection of maps and images of the Americas, ca. 1570-1904, Fierro, Pancho, 1803-1879, Watercolor on paper, between 1840 and 1860, Attributed to Pancho Fierro

Thomas Sopwith (1803-1879) & geological models
Thomas Sopwith (1803 - 1879) was an eminent geologist and civil engineer who pioneered methods of representing geological features

Sopwith Model XII: Denudation of mineral veins
This model shows the influence of surface denudation and faulting on inclined strata, with increased complexity to the situation in Model VII

Sopwith Model VII: Surface denudation of veins
This model shows the influence of surface denudation and faulting on otherwise flat, horizontal strata. The discontinuity between the beds as viewed at the surface can be seen

Sopwith Models: denudation & faulting
Models showing the effect of denudation and faulting on how rock strata appear at the surface. Thomas Sopwith (1803 - 1879)

Sopwith Model II: Coal strata near Newcastle
Unlike the models of generic situations this representation of coal strata was specific to a particular surveyed location in England showing several thin, and mostly hidden, coal seams

Sopwith Model VII: Denudation of mineral veins
This model shows the influence of surface denudation and faulting on otherwise flat, horizontal strata. The discontinuity between the beds as viewed at the surface can be seen

Sopwith Model VI: Intersecting mineral veins
This Model, rather than representing the strata as they would appear at the surface, shows how a seam of coal can be displaced in the subsurface by various modes of faulting

Sopwith Model XI: Vertical intersecting veins
This model, when separated, shows the complex interface between faulted strata of rocks. Thomas Sopwith (1803 - 1879) was an eminent geologist

Sopwith Model XII: Mineral vein denudation
This model shows the influence of surface denudation and faulting on inclined strata, with increased complexity to the situation in Model VII

Sopwith Model VIII: Overcutting of strata
This model shows overcut strata: when the layers of rock are inclined at a gentler angle than the eroded slope, the resulting vee pattern points uphill

Sopwith Model VII: Surface denudation
This model shows the influence of surface denudation and faulting on otherwise flat, horizontal strata. The discontinuity between the beds as viewed at the surface can be seen

Sopwith Model X: Denuded basset of strata
This model shows undercut strata: when the layers of rock are inclined at a steeper angle than the eroded slope, the resulting vee pattern points downhill

Sopwith Model V: Dislocations of coal strata
This model shows that while very little coal may appear at ground level, coal seams (subject to faults and dislocations) can be found below the ground

Sopwith Model IV: Fallacious coal indications
This model depicts the scenario where from the surface an abundance of coal appears to exist, but there is actually very little quantity below

Sopwith Model III: Dislocation of strata
This model represents the side of a valley of denudation, with undisturbed horizontal beds of sedimentary rock when fully assembled

Sopwith Model I: Stratified rocks / denudation
Black lines in this model represent coal seams, between lighter shales and sandstones. When separated the lower section shows a gently inclined valley floor

Sopwith Model II: Coal strata nr Newcastle
Unlike the models of generic situations this representation of coal strata was specific to a particular surveyed location in England showing several thin, and mostly hidden, coal seams

Cover of Thomas Sopwiths Geological Model Set
Thomas Sopwith (1803 - 1879) was an eminent geologist and civil engineer who pioneered methods of representing geological features

Thomas Sopwiths Geological Model Set
Thomas Sopwith (1803 - 1879) was an eminent geologist and civil engineer who pioneered methods of representing geological features

Franco-Prussian War: Graf Von Roon, 1803-1879, Minister of War in Prussia, 1859 - 1879

Franco-Prussian War: Graf Von Roon, 1803-1879, Minister of War in Prussia, 1859 - 1879

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Thomas Sopwith (1803-1879) was a renowned geologist and engineer who dedicated his life to understanding the intricate processes that shape our Earth. Through his groundbreaking work, he created a series of geological models that revolutionized the field. One such model, the Sopwith Model XII, focused on the denudation of mineral veins. By meticulously studying these formations, Sopwith unraveled their origins and how they were affected by erosion over time. His findings shed light on the complex interplay between geological forces and helped scientists better comprehend this natural phenomenon. In addition to vein denudation, Sopwith also explored surface denudation in his Model VII. This research delved into how veins are exposed at the Earth's surface due to various erosional processes. By analyzing these patterns, he provided valuable insights into the evolution of landscapes and their impact on mineral deposits. Sopwith's expertise extended beyond just denudation; he also investigated faulting and coal strata near Newcastle with his Models II and VI respectively. These studies allowed him to map out fault lines accurately while providing crucial information about coal reserves in specific regions. Furthermore, Sopwith examined intersecting mineral veins using his Model XI. This innovative approach enabled him to understand how different veins interacted within rock formations vertically. Such knowledge proved vital for mining operations as it guided miners towards more productive areas rich in minerals. The importance of understanding vertical intersecting veins led Sopwith to develop another model: Model XII - Mineral Vein Denudation. With this model, he further expanded upon previous research by investigating how these intersecting veins were affected by erosion over time. Sopwith's dedication did not stop there; he explored overcutting of strata through his Model VIII and studied surface denudation extensively with Models VII and X - which specifically focused on denuded bassets of strata or exposed layers of rock.