Chemistry Collection (page 100)

Nickel atom. This is the most common and stable form for atoms of the metal nickel (atomic number 28). The nucleus (centre) contains 28 protons and 31 neutrons

Nikolai Semyonov, Soviet chemist
Nikolai Nikolayevich Semyonov (1896-1986), Russian-Soviet chemist Nobel Laureate. Semyonov was born at Saratov and educated at the University of Petrograd

Fluorescence assay machine. Close-up of part of a machine that uses fluorescent light to analyse organic samples

Photosystem I, molecular model
Photosystem I. Computer model showing the molecular structure of Photosystem I. Photosystems are protein enzyme complexes involved in photosynthesis

Chlorophyll, molecular model
Chlorophyll molecule. Computer model of the photoreceptor molecule chlorophyll a (C55.H72.Mg.N4.O5) found in green plants

Metformin diabetes drug molecule. Computer model showing the structure of a molecule of metformin. This drug, marketed as Glucophage, is used to treat type 2 diabetes

Barbituric acid molecule, artwork
Computer artwork of a ball-and-stick model of a molecule of barbituric acid (malonylurea or 6-hydroxyuracil). Atoms are colour-coded spheres (carbon: black, hydrogen:silver, nitrogen: blue)

High temperature. Close-up of a glass thermometer reading 44.5 degrees Celsius (112 degrees Fahrenheit)

Melatonin hormone molecule, artwork
Computer artwork of a ball-and-stick model of a molecule of the hormone melatonin. Atoms are colour-coded and represented as spheres; carbon (black), hydrogen (silver)

DNA transcription control. Computer model showing a molecule of the FP50 homodimer (green) from NF-kB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells)

Aleksandr Butlerov, Russian chemist
Aleksandr Mikhailovich Butlerov (1828-86), Russian chemist. Butlerov was born at Christopol near Kazan, Russia, and was educated at Kazan State University. His expertise was in structural chemistry

Viral DNA polymerase in complex with DNA. Computer model showing the active site of a phi29 DNA polymerase molecule (grey ribbons) in complex with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, yellow)

Progesterone hormone, light micrograph
Progesterone hormone. Polarised light micrograph of crystals of female sex hormone progesterone. Progesterone is the most potent of the naturally- occurring progestogens, a class of steroid hormones

Human ApolipoproteinA-1
Molecular model of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) known as an apolipoprotein. HDLs are proteins that bind to lipid (fat) molecules and transport them around the body

Stockpiled sulphur, Vancouver, Canada
Stockpiled sulphur, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. These large piles of the chemical element sulphur are stored at these docks in Vancouver awaiting export around the world

William Cruikshank, English Chemist. In 1802, following the invention of Voltas pile, Dr. William Cruikshank designed the first electric battery capable of mass production

Learning about the Earth, artwork
Learning about the Earth, conceptual artwork

Citalopram antidepressant molecule. Citalopram belongs to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class of drugs

Water, conceptual image. Computer artwork of a splash of water with a water (H2O) molecule (spheres) within it

Michel Chevreul, French chemist
Michel Eugene Chevreul (1786-1889), French chemist. This statue, by French sculptor Jean-Baptiste Claude Eugene Guillaume

French Academy of Sciences, 17th century
French Academy of Sciences. Scientists gathered in one of the collection rooms (cabinets) of the French Royal Academy of Sciences in the Louvre, Paris

Electroplating, 19th century
Electroplating. Artwork showing an inspection of a workers skill in the technique of electroplating. The electroplated object is being examined

Search for a new drug, conceptual image

Flame spectroscopy, 19th century
Flame spectroscopy. This apparatus uses an electric arc (battery at lower right) to burn samples to produce a flame. The colour of the flame is being analysed and compared with that from a lamp (left)

Periodic table by Bonifaty Kedrov (1903-1985). Reproduction of a periodic table drawn by Bonifaty Kedrov in his book Philosophical analysis of the early works of Mendeleyev on periodic law

Friedrich Wohler, German chemist
Friedrich Wohler (1800-1882), German chemist. Wohler studied at Heidelberg and then in Stockholm, Sweden. He then worked in Berlin and Kassel

Sodium-potassium pump molecule. Computer model showing the structure of a molecule of Sodium-Potassium Adenosine Triphosphatase, or the sodium-potassium pump, embedded in a cell membrane

1818 Darwins Headmaster Samuel Butler
Dr. Samuel Butler and his wife while Headmaster of Shrewsbury school at around the time Darwin was a pupil (1818-1835). Etchings from " The Life and Letters of Dr

Aspirin, molecular structure diagram
Aspirin. Diagram showing the molecular structure (left) and the chemical structure (right) of the painkilling drug aspirin (acetylsalycilic acid)

Transcription factor and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Molecular model showing the 6 zinc fingers of transcription factor IIIA (purple) bound to RNA (ribonucleic acid)

RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC). Computer model showing the molecular structure of a bacterial argonaute protein (red) bound to a small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecule (green and purple)

Antibodies and their antigen. Computer model showing the molecular structure of two anti-P-glycoprotein antibodies (upper left and right) and the P-glycoprotein (blue) to which they respond

Xanthine dehydrogenase molecule. Computer model showing the molecular structure of the Xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) enzyme

Bioluminescent enzyme molecule. Computer model showing the molecular structure of luciferase, the photoprotein enzyme found in fireflies that enables them to glow

Iron-hydrogenase molecule. Computer model showing the molecular structure of an iron-hydrogenase ([FE]-hydrogenase) enzyme from the Methanocaldococcus jannaschii archaeon

Epidermal growth factor molecule. Computer model showing the structure of a molecule of epidermal growth factor (EGF). EGF plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth

Fluorescent light bulb powder, SEM
Fluorescent light bulb powder. Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of grains of a phosphor powder used to coat the inside of a fluorescent light bulb. It is this powder that emits the light

Fatty acid synthase in complex with NADP+. Computer model showing the molecular structure of fatty acid synthase (FAS) complexed with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+)

Bacteria circadian clock protein molecule. Computer model showing the molecular structure of the KaiC protein found in cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)

Bacteriorhodopsin, diagram
Bacteriorhodopsin. Diagram of the molecular structure of bacteriorhodopsin, a protein found in primitive micro-organisms known as Archaea

Self-assembled 3D DNA crystal. Computer model showing the molecular structure of an artificially assembled three-dimensional DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) crystal

Sir William Ramsay, Scottish chemist
Sir William Ramsay (1852-1916), Scottish chemist. Ramsay studied in Germany under Bunsen, obtaining his PhD in 1873. After years of teaching, he started research into nitrogen in 1892

Blocks of TNT explosive
Blocks of TNT (trinitrotoluene) explosive. These blocks of TNT are outdated and are due to be disposed of by detonation, a process called utilization. TNT is a powerful explosive

ATP sulfurylase molecule. Computer model showing the structure of an ATP sulfurylase (ATPS) enzyme. ATPS catalyses the primary step of sulphate activation within cells

Prokaryotic mechanosensitive ion channel molecule. Computer model showing two views of the molecular structure of a Mechanosensitive Channel of Large Conductance (MscL)

Bacteriorhodopsin, artwork
Bacteriorhodopsin. Artwork of the molecular structure of bacteriorhodopsin, a protein found in primitive micro-organisms known as Archaea

Cholesterol producing enzyme and statin. Computer model showing the molecular structure of HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) in complex with Atorvastatin

Chemical Catechism Darwins childhood lab

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"Unveiling the Mysteries: A Journey through Chemistry's Timeline" Step back in time to 1869, when Dmitri Mendeleev introduced his groundbreaking creation - Mendeleyev's periodic table. This iconic masterpiece laid the foundation for understanding elements and their properties. Imagine holding a Bakelite telephone, marveling at its invention that revolutionized communication. It was during this era that chemistry began intertwining with everyday life, igniting curiosity and innovation. The mesmerizing dance of fire captivates our senses, reminding us of the transformative power of chemical reactions. From ancient alchemists like Count of St Germain to modern scientists like Dmitri Mendeleev, it has always been driven by those seeking knowledge and discovery. Colours derived from coal tar brought vibrant hues into our lives. Through colour lithography, we witnessed art merging with science as chemists unlocked the secrets hidden within nature's palette. Enter the realm of elements on the standard periodic table - a visual representation showcasing various element types and their unique characteristics. Copper and magnesium sulphate experiments (LM) exemplify how chemistry allows us to manipulate matter for practical purposes. In 1954, mass spectrometry emerged as a powerful tool enabling scientists to analyze complex substances at an atomic level. The birth of this technique marked another milestone in unraveling nature's mysteries. Chemistry not only impacts our physical world but also extends its reach into medicine. An anaesthetic inhibiting an ion channel C015/6718 showcases how chemicals can alter biological processes for therapeutic purposes. A laboratory clamp symbolizes precision and control in scientific experimentation – essential qualities that have propelled countless discoveries throughout history. Picture Ernest Rutherford standing tall amidst his research apparatus in Cavendish Laboratory – a testament to his pioneering work on atomic structure that reshaped our understanding of matter itself.