Stratigraphy Collection

First geological map of Britain, 1815 C016 / 5683
First geological map of Britain, detail of the north east coast (figure 8). This map was published in 1815 by British geologist William Smith (1769-1839)

1836 Buckland geology cross-section
Detail from a large folding hand coloured copperplate engraving in William Bucklands contribution to the Bridgewater Treatises " Geology

Geological Map of Oxfordshire
Delineation of Strata of Oxfordshire by William Smith

A chart of strata, layers of sedimentary rock or soil
5614336 A chart of strata, layers of sedimentary rock or soil; (add.info.: A chart of strata, layers of sedimentary rock or soil)

Geologist William Smith
NWI4947941 Geologist William Smith.; (add.info.: Geologist William Smith.); Photo © North Wind Pictures.

Portrait of James Hall (1811-1898), Before 1898. Creator: Unknown
Portrait of James Hall (1811-1898), Before 1898

Beachy Head (b / w photo)
728806 Beachy Head (b/w photo) by English Photographer, (19th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: General view of Beachy Head, a chalk headland located close to the town of Eastbourne)

First geological map of Britain, 1815 C016 / 5681
First geological map of Britain, detail of the South East of England (figure 6). This map was published in 1815 by British geologist William Smith (1769-1839)

First geological map of Britain, 1815 C016 / 5680
First geological map of Britain showing a detail of the north west coast. This map was published in 1815 by British geologist William Smith (1769-1839)

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Eroded sandstone and a tumbleweed branch in a slot canyon

A chart of strata, layers of sedimentary rock or soil. From The Worlds Foundations or Geology for Beginners, published 1883

First geological map of Britain, 1815 C016 / 5682
First geological map of Britain, detail of the Welsh coast (figure 7). This map was published in 1815 by British geologist William Smith (1769-1839)

Thomas Sopwith (1803-1879) & geological models
Thomas Sopwith (1803 - 1879) was an eminent geologist and civil engineer who pioneered methods of representing geological features

Sopwith Model XII: Denudation of mineral veins
This model shows the influence of surface denudation and faulting on inclined strata, with increased complexity to the situation in Model VII

Sopwith Model VII: Surface denudation of veins
This model shows the influence of surface denudation and faulting on otherwise flat, horizontal strata. The discontinuity between the beds as viewed at the surface can be seen

Sopwith Models: denudation & faulting
Models showing the effect of denudation and faulting on how rock strata appear at the surface. Thomas Sopwith (1803 - 1879)

Sopwith Model II: Coal strata near Newcastle
Unlike the models of generic situations this representation of coal strata was specific to a particular surveyed location in England showing several thin, and mostly hidden, coal seams

Sopwith Model VII: Denudation of mineral veins
This model shows the influence of surface denudation and faulting on otherwise flat, horizontal strata. The discontinuity between the beds as viewed at the surface can be seen

Sopwith Model VI: Intersecting mineral veins
This Model, rather than representing the strata as they would appear at the surface, shows how a seam of coal can be displaced in the subsurface by various modes of faulting

Sopwith Model XI: Vertical intersecting veins
This model, when separated, shows the complex interface between faulted strata of rocks. Thomas Sopwith (1803 - 1879) was an eminent geologist

Sopwith Model XII: Mineral vein denudation
This model shows the influence of surface denudation and faulting on inclined strata, with increased complexity to the situation in Model VII

Sopwith Model VIII: Overcutting of strata
This model shows overcut strata: when the layers of rock are inclined at a gentler angle than the eroded slope, the resulting vee pattern points uphill

Sopwith Model VII: Surface denudation
This model shows the influence of surface denudation and faulting on otherwise flat, horizontal strata. The discontinuity between the beds as viewed at the surface can be seen

Sopwith Model X: Denuded basset of strata
This model shows undercut strata: when the layers of rock are inclined at a steeper angle than the eroded slope, the resulting vee pattern points downhill

Sopwith Model V: Dislocations of coal strata
This model shows that while very little coal may appear at ground level, coal seams (subject to faults and dislocations) can be found below the ground

Sopwith Model IV: Fallacious coal indications
This model depicts the scenario where from the surface an abundance of coal appears to exist, but there is actually very little quantity below

Sopwith Model III: Dislocation of strata
This model represents the side of a valley of denudation, with undisturbed horizontal beds of sedimentary rock when fully assembled

Sopwith Model I: Stratified rocks / denudation
Black lines in this model represent coal seams, between lighter shales and sandstones. When separated the lower section shows a gently inclined valley floor

Sopwith Model II: Coal strata nr Newcastle
Unlike the models of generic situations this representation of coal strata was specific to a particular surveyed location in England showing several thin, and mostly hidden, coal seams

Cover of Thomas Sopwiths Geological Model Set
Thomas Sopwith (1803 - 1879) was an eminent geologist and civil engineer who pioneered methods of representing geological features

Thomas Sopwiths Geological Model Set
Thomas Sopwith (1803 - 1879) was an eminent geologist and civil engineer who pioneered methods of representing geological features

North America, USA, Meteor Crater near Winslow, Arizona

William Conybeare, British geologist C016 / 4998
William Daniel Conybeare (1787-1857), British geologist. Conybeare co-published Outlines of the Geology of England and Wales (1822) in which he used fossils to date sedimentary strata

Cross-section of the Earths crust, 1836
Fold-out hand coloured copperplate engraving showing a cross-section through the Earths crust. Animals and plants are shown above the geological strata that they are found in

Excavations at Troy
An interesting sketch showing the aftermath of Schliemanns excavations at the site of Troy. He had actually cut through Homerian levels and revealed earlier foundations! Date: 1888

James Hall, US palaeontologist
James Hall (1811-1898), American geologist and palaeontologist. Hall worked on the Geological Survey of New York State, USA from 1836

Charles Lyell, British geologist
Charles Lyell (1797-1875), British geologist. Lyell was appointed secretary of the Geological Society in 1823. Between 1830-33 he published his three-volume masterpiece Principles of Geology

Leonardos drawing of stratified rocks
Leonardos studied the stratification of rocks and the flow of water. He concluded that " the stratified stones of the mountains are the layers of clay deposited one above the other by

Raplee Anticline, Utah
In structural geology, an anticline is a fold that is convex up and has its oldest beds at its core. On a geologic map, anticlines are usually recognized by a sequence of rock layers that are

Joseph Prestwichs Somme human antiquity
Plate from " Theoretical considerations on () the drift deposits containing the remains of extinct mammalia and flint implements", 1864. Phil. Trans Roy Soc 154

1880s Joseph Prestwich tinted photograph
1890s Joseph Prestwich photograph by Elliot and Fry, Swan electric engraving (with later tinting) being the frontispiece to " Life and Letters of Sir Joseph Prestwich" 1899

Alpine Geology flood evidence Scheuchzer
1731 Copperplate print of alpine geology and recurved strata as evidence of the catastrophe of Noahs Flood. Print is from Johann Jakob Scheuchzers (born August 2nd 1672 - died June 23rd 1733)

1855 Joseph Prestwich portrait photograph

1838 William Smith father of UK Geology
William Smith (23 March 1769 - 28 August 1839) aged 69 from a painting by M.Foureau, engraved and first published in the " Memoirs" of W. Smith" 1844 with later tinting

William Pengelly geology human antiquity
1881 William Pengelly (12 January 1812-16 March 1894). Walker and Boutall photoengravure after painting by A. S. Cope. Being a Frontispiece with later tinting to " A Memoire of William

Charles Lyell, caricature
Charles Lyell (1797-1875). Caricature of the British geologist Charles Lyell, showing him with a large jaw, and bushy hair and sideburns

Layered Martian terrain, satellite image
Layered Martian terrain. Coloured satellite image of layered rocks in Arabia Terra, northern Mars. The rocks have layers of roughly uniform depth

Green Bridge of Wales, Pembrokeshire, Wales, UK, Europe
Andrew Davies / SpecialistStock

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"Unraveling Earth's Layers: Exploring the Fascinating World of Stratigraphy" Delve into the captivating realm of stratigraphy, where layers upon layers of Earth's history are unveiled. The Geological Map of Oxfordshire serves as a gateway to understanding this intricate science. Dating back to 1815, it holds the honor of being Britain's first geological map, shedding light on the region's ancient past (C016 / 5683). Intriguingly, the 1836 Buckland geology cross-section offers a visual journey through time, showcasing how different rock formations have evolved over millennia, and is a testament to our ever-growing knowledge and curiosity about our planet. Portrait of James Hall reminds us that behind every scientific breakthrough lies an enigmatic figure. Hall's contributions in stratigraphy paved the way for future discoveries and advancements in this field before his passing in 1898. Transport yourself to Beachy Head through a mesmerizing black-and-white photograph. This iconic landmark not only boasts breathtaking views but also reveals hidden clues about geological processes etched into its rugged cliffs. Thomas Sopwith emerges as another luminary within stratigraphic studies with his remarkable geological models. Model XII illustrates the denudation process affecting mineral veins while Model VII showcases surface denudation patterns caused by veins' exposure over time. Sopwith Models offer further insights into denudation and faulting phenomena, unraveling nature's complex tapestry layer by layer. From coal strata near Newcastle depicted in Model II to intersecting mineral veins showcased in Model VI – each model unravels new chapters within Earth's storybook. Stratigraphy invites us to decipher these intricate tales preserved beneath our feet – stories told through sedimentary layers that hold secrets spanning millions of years.