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Various types of chemical stills
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Various types of chemical stills
Alembic still with cucurbit flask and stil-head, alcohol still, and subliming aludel or Hermetic vase. Copperplate engraving by Wilson Lowry from Abraham Rees Cyclopedia or Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences and Literature, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown, London, 1802
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Media ID 23164424
© Florilegius/Mary Evans
Abraham Alchemy Alcohol Arts Chemistry Cyclopedia Dictionary Distillation Flask Rees Sciences Universal Vase Alembic Cucurbit Hermetic Subliming
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This copperplate engraving, taken from Abraham Rees' Cyclopedia or Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences and Literature published in London in 1802 by Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown, offers a fascinating glimpse into the world of chemical stills and their various applications during the 19th century. The illustration showcases three distinct types of stills: an alembic still with a cucurbit flask and a stil-head, an alcohol still, and a subliming aludel or hermetic vase. The alembic still, depicted in the center, is a classic piece of alchemical equipment used for distillation processes. The cucurbit flask, shaped like a bulbous gourd, is connected to the still head through a long tube. The still head, in turn, is connected to a condenser, which cools the vapors and condenses them back into a liquid. The resulting distillate is collected in a receiver. To the left, an alcohol still is illustrated. This type of still is used specifically for the production of alcoholic beverages, such as brandy, whiskey, or rum. The raw material, typically fermented grains or fruits, is heated in the boiler, causing the alcohol to evaporate. The vapors then pass through a condenser, where they are cooled and condensed back into a liquid. Lastly, on the right, a subliming aludel or hermetic vase is depicted. This type of still is used for the process of sublimation, which involves the conversion of a solid into a gas without passing through the liquid phase. The substance to be sublimed is placed in the vase, which is then heated. The resulting gas is collected in a receiver, often through the use of a mercury trap. This intricately detailed illustration not only showcases the various types of stills used in the field of chemistry during the 19th century but also offers a glimpse into the rich history of scientific exploration and discovery.
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