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Philomachus Pugnax Collection

The Ruff (Philomachus pugnax) is a fascinating bird species known for its unique mating behavior

Background imagePhilomachus Pugnax Collection: Foot avocet, Recurvirostra avosetta, and ruff, Philomachus pugnax

Foot avocet, Recurvirostra avosetta, and ruff, Philomachus pugnax. Handcoloured engraving by widow Fournier after an
FLO4685247 Foot avocet, Recurvirostra avosetta, and ruff, Philomachus pugnax. Handcoloured engraving by widow Fournier after an illustration by Edouard Travies from Charles d'Orbigny's

Background imagePhilomachus Pugnax Collection: Ruff (Philomachus pugnax) males displaying and fighting each other at a lek, Finland

Ruff (Philomachus pugnax) males displaying and fighting each other at a lek, Finland. May

Background imagePhilomachus Pugnax Collection: Rear view of Ruff (Philomachus pugnax) in full display at the lek. Varanger, Finmark

Rear view of Ruff (Philomachus pugnax) in full display at the lek. Varanger, Finmark, Norway, May

Background imagePhilomachus Pugnax Collection: Satellite male Ruff (Philomachus pugnax) in full display at the lek. Varanger, Finmark

Satellite male Ruff (Philomachus pugnax) in full display at the lek. Varanger, Finmark, Norway, May

Background imagePhilomachus Pugnax Collection: Ruff (Philomachus pugnax) male displaying, Varanger, Norway, May

Ruff (Philomachus pugnax) male displaying, Varanger, Norway, May

Background imagePhilomachus Pugnax Collection: Two Ruffs (Philomachus pugnax) male, competing at a lek, Vardo, Norway. May

Two Ruffs (Philomachus pugnax) male, competing at a lek, Vardo, Norway. May

Background imagePhilomachus Pugnax Collection: Finland, Northern Ostrobothnia, Oulu, ruff, Philomachus pugnax

Finland, Northern Ostrobothnia, Oulu, ruff, Philomachus pugnax. A male ruff displays while a female walks past

Background imagePhilomachus Pugnax Collection: Ruff, male, Philomachus pugnax

Ruff, male, Philomachus pugnax
6338198 Ruff, male, Philomachus pugnax by Donovan, Edward (1768-1837); (add.info.: Ruff, male, Philomachus pugnax. Handcoloured woodblock engraving after an illustration by Edward Donovan from The)

Background imagePhilomachus Pugnax Collection: Ruff (Philomachus pugnax) males fighting at lek, Varanger, Norway, May 2016

Ruff (Philomachus pugnax) males fighting at lek, Varanger, Norway, May 2016

Background imagePhilomachus Pugnax Collection: Ruff (Philomachus pugnax) male displaying, Varanger, Norway, May 2016

Ruff (Philomachus pugnax) male displaying, Varanger, Norway, May 2016

Background imagePhilomachus Pugnax Collection: Ruffs displaying (Philomachus pugnax) Agapa River, Taimyr Peninsula, Siberia, Russia

Ruffs displaying (Philomachus pugnax) Agapa River, Taimyr Peninsula, Siberia, Russia

Background imagePhilomachus Pugnax Collection: Ruff displaying (Philomachus pugnax) Agapa River, Taimyr Peninsula, Siberia, Russia

Ruff displaying (Philomachus pugnax) Agapa River, Taimyr Peninsula, Siberia, Russia

Background imagePhilomachus Pugnax Collection: Courtship plumage of birds (sexual dimorphism), Chromolithograph, published in 1897

Courtship plumage of birds (sexual dimorphism), Chromolithograph, published in 1897
Colorful courtship plumage of various birds (sexual dimorphism): 1) Horned bell bird (Chasmorhynchus carunculatus); 2) Bluethroat (Luscinia svecica); 3) Pin-tailed whydah (Vidua macroura); 4

Background imagePhilomachus Pugnax Collection: Ruff (Philomachus pugnax) two males displaying in territorial dispute, Liminka Finland

Ruff (Philomachus pugnax) two males displaying in territorial dispute, Liminka Finland June

Background imagePhilomachus Pugnax Collection: Ruffs displaying and fighting (Philomachus pugnax) Agapa River, Taimyr Peninsula

Ruffs displaying and fighting (Philomachus pugnax) Agapa River, Taimyr Peninsula, Siberia, Russia

Background imagePhilomachus Pugnax Collection: Ruff Philomachus pugnax West-vries Haendeken

Ruff Philomachus pugnax West-vries Haendeken
Ruff (Philomachus pugnax), West-vries Haendeken. / combattant (ou) paon de mer. (title on object), Ruff. Numbered top right: 28. Part of the third album with drawings of birds

Background imagePhilomachus Pugnax Collection: Ruff Philomachus pugnax West Frisian cock title

Ruff Philomachus pugnax West Frisian cock title
Ruff (Philomachus pugnax), West Frisian cock (title on object), Ruff. Numbered top right: 27. Top left the Dutch name. Part of the third album with drawings of birds

Background imagePhilomachus Pugnax Collection: Flock of Ruffs foraging in a Dutch meadow, Philomachus pugnax, Calidris pugnax, Netherlands

Flock of Ruffs foraging in a Dutch meadow, Philomachus pugnax, Calidris pugnax, Netherlands

Background imagePhilomachus Pugnax Collection: Ruff -Philomachus pugnax-

Ruff -Philomachus pugnax-

Background imagePhilomachus Pugnax Collection: Ruff -Philo pugnax-, male wading through shallow water, Lauwersmeer National Park, Holland

Ruff -Philo pugnax-, male wading through shallow water, Lauwersmeer National Park, Holland, Netherlands, Europe

Background imagePhilomachus Pugnax Collection: Ruff -Philomachus pugnax-, male wading in shallow water, Apetlon, Lake Neusiedl, Burgenland

Ruff -Philomachus pugnax-, male wading in shallow water, Apetlon, Lake Neusiedl, Burgenland, Austria, Europe

Background imagePhilomachus Pugnax Collection: Ruff -Philomachus pugnax-, male standing on the shore in the grass, Apetlon, Lake Neusiedl

Ruff -Philomachus pugnax-, male standing on the shore in the grass, Apetlon, Lake Neusiedl, Burgenland, Austria, Europe

Background imagePhilomachus Pugnax Collection: Ruff -Philomachus pugnax-, reeve, female standing in shallow water, Burgenland, Austria

Ruff -Philomachus pugnax-, reeve, female standing in shallow water, Burgenland, Austria

Background imagePhilomachus Pugnax Collection: Ruff -Philo pugnax-, male in breeding plumage standing on a meadow at the water, Burgenland, Austria

Ruff -Philo pugnax-, male in breeding plumage standing on a meadow at the water, Burgenland, Austria

Background imagePhilomachus Pugnax Collection: Ruff (Philomachus pugnax), Serengeti National Park, Tanzania, East Africa, Africa

Ruff (Philomachus pugnax), Serengeti National Park, Tanzania, East Africa, Africa

Background imagePhilomachus Pugnax Collection: Ruff. PhilomacUs Pugnax

Ruff. PhilomacUs Pugnax

Background imagePhilomachus Pugnax Collection: Ruffs. PhilomacUs Pugnax. Europe. Italy. Lazio. Latina. Circeo National Park

Ruffs. PhilomacUs Pugnax. Europe. Italy. Lazio. Latina. Circeo National Park

Background imagePhilomachus Pugnax Collection: Ruff. PhilomacUs Pugnax. Europe. Italy. Lazio. Latina. Circeo National Park

Ruff. PhilomacUs Pugnax. Europe. Italy. Lazio. Latina. Circeo National Park

Background imagePhilomachus Pugnax Collection: Ruff. Philomachus Pugnax

Ruff. Philomachus Pugnax

Background imagePhilomachus Pugnax Collection: Philomacus pugnax, ruff

Philomacus pugnax, ruff
Plate 62 from John Goulds The Birds of Great Britain, Vol. 4 (1873). Hand coloured lithograph

Background imagePhilomachus Pugnax Collection: Ruff, historical artwork

Ruff, historical artwork
Ruff. Historical artwork of a male ruff (Philomachus pugnax), a wading bird. Only the male has the prominent collar of display feathers that gives this bird its name

Background imagePhilomachus Pugnax Collection: Ruff (Philomachus pugnax), Kruger National Park, South Africa, Africa

Ruff (Philomachus pugnax), Kruger National Park, South Africa, Africa



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The Ruff (Philomachus pugnax) is a fascinating bird species known for its unique mating behavior. In Finland, males of this species can be observed displaying and fighting each other at a lek, showcasing their impressive plumage and agility. A rear view of the Ruff in full display at the lek in Varanger, Finmark reveals the intricate patterns and colors that adorn its feathers. Even satellite males participate in this elaborate courtship ritual, as seen in another image from Varanger, Finmark. These satellite males proudly flaunt their vibrant plumage to attract females amidst the competitive atmosphere of the lek. In Norway's Varanger region, male Ruffs continue to captivate with their striking displays during May. Two individuals are caught mid-competition at a lek in Vardo, demonstrating their determination to secure mates. Moving southwards to Northern Ostrobothnia in Finland, we encounter yet another magnificent specimen - a male Ruff standing tall amidst its surroundings. Its elegant appearance showcases why it is often referred to as Philomachus pugnax or "Ruff. " Norway's Varanger once again becomes witness to intense battles between male Ruffs during May 2016. The clash of these avian warriors adds an element of drama and excitement to nature's theater. Meanwhile, on the Taimyr Peninsula in Siberia, Russia, Ruffs continue their captivating displays along the Agapa River. These images transport us across continents while highlighting how this species' courtship rituals persist even within different environments. Lastly, we delve into history with a chromolithograph published back in 1897 depicting courtship plumage among birds – exemplifying sexual dimorphism within various avian species including our beloved Philomachus pugnax.