Enzyme Collection (page 9)

Stilbene synthase molecule C014 / 2292
Stilbene synthase, molecular model. This enzyme is produced by some plants (including grapes, peanuts and blueberries) in response to stress from either ultraviolet light or certain fungi

ATP synthase molecule. Molecular model showing the structure of ATP synthase (ATPase) subunit C. ATPase is an important enzyme that provides energy for cells through the synthesis of adenosine

Stilbene synthase molecule C014 / 2291
Stilbene synthase, molecular model. This enzyme is produced by some plants (including grapes, peanuts and blueberries) in response to stress from either ultraviolet light or certain fungi

Saliva chemicals, molecular model
Saliva chemicals. Molecular structure of a group of saliva molecules. These include the antibody immunoglobulin A (blue, double-y shape, see C014/5652)

Biofuel production and use, diagram. At far left the first stage is the source material (biomass, plant or other organic material). This is added to a separation tank (centre left)

Anthrax lethal factor molecule
Anthrax lethal factor, molecular model. This enzyme is one of three protein components that form the anthrax toxin produced by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis

Alexander Fleming, caricature
Alexander Fleming (1881-1955). Caricature of the Scottish biologist and pharmacologist Alexander Fleming holding a Petri dish

Glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase molecule
Glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase protein molecule. Molecular model showing bacterial glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase complexed with glutamine tRNA (transfer ribonucleic acid)

Kidney tissue, fluorescence micrograph C016 / 8484
Kidney tissue. Fluorescence deconvolution micrograph of a section through a kidney, showing glomeruli (green), cell nuclei (blue dots), and renal tubules (red, circular)

Biotin ligase enzyme, molecular model. This enzyme is a protein formed from 268 amino acids and two chains (green and pink)

Methane monooxygenase enzyme, molecular model. This is the particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO) form of this metalloenzyme, an integral membrane protein that contains copper and zinc

FP2 malaria protease enzyme complex, molecular model. This complex consists of the falcipain-2 (FP2) protease enzyme (purple, right) bound to a cystatin (orange, left), a form of protease inhibitor

Antibody fragment-lysozyme complex
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Hin recombinase-DNA complex. Molecular model of the Hin recombinase protein (pink) bound to a double helix (green and orange) strand of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

cAMP-dependent protein kinase molecule C016 / 2063
cAMP-dependent protein kinase, molecular model. This enzyme is also known as protein kinase A (PKA). This is the holoenzyme, which consists of two regulatory subunits and two catalytic subunits

Restriction enzyme cutting DNA
Fragment of DNA bound by the restriction endonucleaseEcoRI. The protein is a dimer, with each subunitable to bind and cut one strand of DNA

Ribosomal RNA-binding protein molecule. Computer model showing the structure of a ribosomal protein L9 (RPL9) molecule from Bacillus stearothermophilus bacteria

Hepatitis D virus ribozyme complex. Computer model showing an RNA (ribonucleic acid) strand from an Hepatitis delta (Hepatitis D) virus genomic ribozyme, complexed with a ribonucleoprotein

Lumazine synthase molecule. Computer model showing the structure of a lumazine synthase enzyme molecule from a Brucella abortus bacterium

Poly(A)-binding protein and RNA complex. Computer model showing the structure of a poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) molecule bound to the poly(A)

ATPase molecule C015 / 7073
ATPase molecule. Molecular model of the ATP-dependent oligomerisation domain of N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor (NSF), a hexameric ATPase

Thrombin protein, molecular model C015 / 7074
Thrombin protein, molecular model. Thrombin is an enzyme involved in the blood coagulation (clotting) process. It converts fibrinogen (a soluble plasma glycoprotein synthesised in the liver)

Phosphoglucose isomerase molecule C015 / 7036
Phosphoglucose isomerase molecule. Molecular model of a rabbit phosphoglucose isomerase molecule complexed with a fructose-6-phosphate molecule

Flavocytochrome b2 molecule C015 / 7033
Flavocytochrome b2, molecular model. This enzyme is found in the intermembrane space of mitochondria, where it catalyses the oxidation of lactate to pyruvate

Aspirin in action. Computer artwork showing how aspirin has its effect. Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is converted to salicylic acid and acetic acid in the body

Peroxiredoxin 4 antioxidant enzyme C015 / 7022
Peroxiredoxin 4 antioxidant enzyme, molecular model. This enzyme, also called peroxiredoxin IV (PrxIV), plays a catalytic role in cell metabolism on the endoplasmic reticulum

Mandelate racemase enzyme C015 / 7021
Mandelate racemase enzyme, molecular model. This bacterial enzyme is an example of a muconate lactonizing enzyme, and plays a key role in the metabolism of soil and aquatic bacteria

Mandelate racemase enzyme C015 / 7020
Mandelate racemase enzyme, molecular model. This bacterial enzyme is an example of a muconate lactonizing enzyme, and plays a key role in the metabolism of soil and aquatic bacteria

Restriction enzyme and DNA C015 / 6941
Restriction enzyme and DNA. Molecular model showing an EcoRI endonuclease enzyme (purple) bound to a DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) strand (blue). EcoRI is an enzyme isolated from strains of E

Methyltransferase complexed with DNA C016 / 2033
Methyltransferase complexed with DNA, molecular model. The strand of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, green and blue) is enclosed by DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT-1, green and pink)

Methyltransferase complexed with DNA C016 / 2032
Methyltransferase complexed with DNA, molecular model. The strand of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, green and yellow) is enclosed by DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT-1, purple and pink)

NpmA methyltransferase C016 / 2031
NpmA methyltransferase, molecular model. Methyltransferase enzymes act to add methyl groups to nucleic acids such as DNA, a process called DNA methylation

NpmA methyltransferase C016 / 2030
NpmA methyltransferase, molecular model. Methyltransferase enzymes act to add methyl groups to nucleic acids such as DNA, a process called DNA methylation

Dienoyl-coenzyme A isomerase molecule C015 / 6852
Dienoyl-coenzyme A isomerase molecule. Computer model showing the structure of a molecule of dienoyl-coenzyme A (dienoyl-CoA) isomerase

Dienoyl-coenzyme A isomerase molecule C015 / 6827
Dienoyl-coenzyme A isomerase molecule. Computer model showing the structure of a molecule of dienoyl-coenzyme A (dienoyl-CoA) isomerase

Z-Z DNA junction, molecular model C016 / 1539
Z-Z DNA junction. Molecular model of a junction between two left-handed DNA double helices (Z DNA, down centre) stabilised by the Z alpha domain of the human RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1

Z-Z DNA junction, molecular model C016 / 1445
Z-Z DNA junction. Molecular model of a junction between two left-handed DNA double helices (Z DNA, pink) stabilised by the Z alpha domain of the human RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1

C3-degrading proteinase enzyme C016 / 1363
C3-degrading proteinase enzyme. Molecular model of a proteinase enzyme from the TIGR4 strain of the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae

Beta secretase inhibitor, molecular model. The inhibitor molecule (centre, also shown in C015/1977) is bound to the beta secretase enzyme (partially seen)

Beta-galactosidase molecule C015 / 1971
Beta-galactosidase, molecular model. This enzyme breaks down sugars containing galactose, such as lactose, into their basic units (monosaccharides)

C3-degrading proteinase enzyme C016 / 1362
C3-degrading proteinase enzyme. Molecular model of a proteinase enzyme from the TIGR4 strain of the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae

Enzyme catalysing DNA recombination C016 / 0725
Enzyme catalysing DNA recombination. Molecular model of the enzyme CRE (cyclization recombination) recombinase (blue and green) mediating the recombination of strands of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Acyl-CoA hydrolase enzyme C015 / 6724
Acyl-CoA hydrolase enzyme, molecular model. This is an acyl-CoA thioesterase enzyme. Thioesterases hydrolyze coenzyme A (CoA) esters, producing the free acid and CoA

Acyl-CoA hydrolase enzyme C015 / 6725
Acyl-CoA hydrolase enzyme, molecular model. This is an acyl-CoA thioesterase enzyme. Thioesterases hydrolyze coenzyme A (CoA) esters, producing the free acid and CoA

Enzyme catalysing DNA recombination C016 / 0724
Enzyme catalysing DNA recombination. Molecular model of the enzyme CRE (cyclization recombination) recombinase (blue and purple) mediating the recombination of strands of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Coagulation factor complex molecule C014 / 0626
Coagulation factor complex molecule. Molecular model showing a blood clotting factor VIIa-tissue factor complex molecule (blue and white ribbons) with a tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)

Beta-galactosidase molecule C015 / 1970
Beta-galactosidase, molecular model. This enzyme breaks down sugars containing galactose, such as lactose, into their basic units (monosaccharides)

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Enzymes: The Molecular Architects of Life DNA transcription, molecular model: they are the key players in the intricate process of DNA transcription, where they faithfully transcribe genetic information into RNA molecules. Metabolic enzyme, artwork: Metabolic enzymes act as catalysts in various biochemical reactions within our bodies, ensuring efficient metabolism and energy production. HIV reverse transcription enzyme: This remarkable enzyme allows the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to convert its RNA genome into DNA, enabling it to integrate with our own genetic material. Hepatitis C virus enzyme, molecular model: Understanding the structure and function of hepatitis C virus enzymes is crucial for developing effective treatments against this persistent viral infection. Anatomy of Organs Engraving: Enzymes play a vital role in maintaining organ health by facilitating essential processes like digestion, respiration, and hormone regulation throughout our body's intricate anatomy. Manganese superoxide dismutase enzyme F006 / 9423: This antioxidant enzyme protects cells from harmful free radicals by converting them into less damaging substances—a guardian against oxidative stress. Cytochrome b5 molecule C015 / 6696: As an electron carrier protein found in cell membranes, cytochrome b5 assists other enzymes in performing critical metabolic reactions involved in energy production and lipid metabolism. Glutamine synthetase enzyme: Essential for nitrogen metabolism, glutamine synthetase ensures that ammonia produced during cellular processes is safely converted into non-toxic compounds like amino acids or urea. RNA-editing enzyme, molecular model: These specialized enzymes modify RNA molecules after their synthesis—fine-tuning gene expression patterns and expanding the diversity of proteins encoded by our genes. ATPase molecule: ATPases are indispensable for cellular energy transfer; these enzymes hydrolyze adenosine triphosphate (ATP), releasing stored energy to power various cellular processes.