Westernization Collection (page 2)

EGYPT: CAIRO. A view of the exterior of the Grand Continental Hotel, Cairo. Stereograph, early 20th century

YOKOHAMA EARTHQUAKE, 1923. The ruins of Yokohama, Japan, following the great earthquake of 1 September 1923

KOREA: MISSIONARY, 1920s. A foreign missionary riding a donkey and a western woman on a bicycle in the countryside, 1920s

TOKYO EARTHQUAKE, 1923. A view of the center of Tokyo, Japan, following the earthquake and fire that devastated the city on 1 September 1923, killing about 143, 000 people

TOKYO EARTHQUAKE, 1923. A view of Nihonbashi, a busy area of Tokyo, Japan, in the aftermath of the earthquake and fire of 1 September 1923

TOKYO: BRIDGE, c1925. The new bridge replacing the two Nijubashi bridges, seen from the outer garden of the imperial palace in Tokyo, Japan, c1925

CHINA: BRITISH TROOPS, 1927. British troops sent to protect Englands interests in China, standing outside the garage at the Peninsula Hotel on Kowloon Peninsula, Hong Kong, China. Photograph, 1927

CHINA: BRITISH TROOPS, 1927. Several battalions of British troops, sent to protect Englands interests in China, outside the Peninsula Hotel on the Kowloon Peninsula, Hong Kong, China

HONG KONG: PENINSULA HOTEL. Construction of the Peninsula Hotel on the Kowloon Peninsula, Hong Kong, China. Photograph, 1925

CHINA: NANKING, c1920. A ceremony at the University of Nanking, China. Photograph, c1920

SHANGHAI: TENNIS CLUB. Wealthy foreigners are waited on by Chinese servants at a tennis club in Shanghai. Photographed c1920

CHINA: SHANGHAI, 1924. A Chinese worker carrying 200 pounds of cotton through the streets of Shanghai, China. Photograph, 1924

CHINA: SHANGHAI, 1927. Barbed wire blockade on a street in Shanghai, China. Photograph, 1927

KNUD RASMUSSEN (1879-1933). Knud Johan Victor Rasmussen. Danish arctic explorer and ethnologist. Rasmussen (left) photographed with two Eskimos, 3 November 1924

CHANG HSUEH-LIANG (1901-2001). Chinese warlord. Chang Hsueh-liang being saluted by Chinese troops as his father, Marshal Chang Tso-Lin walks beside him. Photographed 1926

YOKOHAMA EARTHQUAKE, 1923. A suburb of Yokohama, Japan, following the great earthquake of 1 September 1923

IOWA: SCHOOL BUS, c1920. A local school bus in Delhi, Iowa. Photograph, c1920

CHINA: REFUGEES, 1927. Refugees from the fighting between Kuomintang forces and warlords in northern China photographed on a railroad platform in Zhengzhou, Henan province, January 1927

GENERAL CHIANG KAI-SHEK at his wedding to Mei-ling Soong. Oil over a photograph, 1927

IMMIGRANTS: CHINESE, c1920. A young Chinese immigrant, photographed c1920

CHINESE IMMIGRANTS. A street scene in San Franciscos Chinatown. Photograph, c1920, by Arnold Genthe

COMMODORE MATTHEW PERRY (1794-1858). American naval officer. Meeting the Imperial Japanese Commissioners in Yokohama, Japan, in 1853. American lithograph, 1856

Movement of revolt in China, evolution of the Chinese army, illustration from Le
XIR414750 Movement of revolt in China, evolution of the Chinese army, illustration from Le Petit Journal, supplement illustre, 29th October 1911 (colour litho) by French School

Modernisation of China, Chinese having their pigtail cut off in Shanghai, illustration
XIR346509 Modernisation of China, Chinese having their pigtail cut off in Shanghai, illustration from Le Petit Journal, supplement illustre, 5th February 1911 (colour litho) by French School

CHINESE IMMIGRANTS. A street toy vendor in San Franciscos Chinatown. Photograph, c1900, by Arnold Genthe

HAWAII: JAPANESE STORE. A Japanese store in Honolulu, Hawaii. Photograph, c1900

AUSTRALIA: QUEENSLAND, 1863. Native Police Preparing for an Engagement by removing superfluous articles of their uniform, in Queensland, Australia. Wood engraving, English, 1863

ALGIERS: ARGUMENT, c1899. Group of Algerian men in an argument on a street in Algiers. Photochrome, c1899

MIDDLE EAST: AFTERNOON TEA. A group of women Middle Eastern in Western dress drinking afternoon tea. Photograph, c1910

ALGIERS: EMBROIDERY, c1899. Algerian girls learning embroidery from native and European women, in a courtyard at the Luce Ben-Aben workshop in Algiers. Photochrome, c1899

JAPAN: SACRED CAVE, c1913. Tourists pose inside the Sacred Cave in the island of Enoshima, Japan. Stereograph, c1913

MANILA, c1900. Unidentified man, probably an American officer, in front of the Manila Hotel, Manila, the Philippines, c1900

CHINA: RAILROAD STATION. A view of the Peking Railway Station in Peking, China, at the time of a trains arrival. Stereograph, 1902

CHINA: RACECOURSE, c1880. Scene at the Race Club in Shanghai, China. Photographed by Thomas Child, c1880

HONG KONG: RACECOURSE, c1875. A view of the grandstand at the racecourse in Hong Kong. Photographed c1875

BOMBAY INFANTRY, c1902. British Indian troops of the 22nd Bombay Infantry, stationed in Kowloon, China. Stereograph by Carleton H. Graves, c1902

CHINA: CANTON, c1900. The Victoria Hotel (Late Shameen Hotel) with three Chinese men standing in front with their rickshaws in Shameen, Canton, China. Stereograph, 1900

CHINA: NANKING, c1906. A group of men moving a huge stone roller along a street in Nanking, China. Stereograph, c1906

CHINA: HONG KONG, c1900. A view of the bay looking northeast from the New Market, Hong Kong, China. Stereograph, c1900

CHINA: HONG KONG, c1896. A commercial street in Hong Kong, China. Stereograph, c1896

CHINA: HONG KONG, c1902. Roman Catholic cathedral at Hong Kong, China. Stereograph, c1902

CHINA: HONG KONG, c1910. An aerial view of the buildings on Victoria Peak mountain, Hong Kong, China. Photograph, c1910

CHINA: HONG KONG, c1910. An aerial view of the waterfront at Hong Kong, China. Photograph, c1910

CHINA: HONG KONG, c1910. The central market in Hong Kong, China. Photograph, c1910

CHINA: HONG KONG, c1903. The busy commercial docks in Hong Kong Harbor, China. Stereograph, c1903

CHINA: HONG KONG, c1900. A crowd of vendors on the wharf, Hong Kong, China. Photograph, c1900

CHINA: HONG KONG, c1896. Pedestrians and rickshaws on Queen Street, Hong Kong, China. Streograph. c1896

CHINA: CHURCH, c1904. The ruins of the Sao Paulo Church in Macau, China. Stereograph, c1904

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"Westernization: A Journey of Cultural Transformation" In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Japan found itself at a crossroads, torn between tradition and progress. The woodcut by Kiyochika Kobayashi depicts a powerful metaphor of this struggle, with a whale representing Western influence devouring three fish symbolizing Japan's sailors. It captures the impact of Western ideas on Japanese society during this transformative era. The Boxer Rebellion in 1900 marked another significant moment in Japan's path towards modernization. British and Japanese troops joined forces to confront the Boxers in Tianjin, showcasing their growing military prowess as they engaged in battle together. This collaboration reflected Japan's increasing alignment with Western powers. Ueno Park became an emblematic stage for change during the Second National Industrial Exhibition of 1881. Woodblock prints from that time vividly depict the exhibition's grandeur, highlighting technological advancements brought about by embracing Western industrial practices. These displays showcased Japan's determination to catch up with its Western counterparts. Emperor Mutsuhito played a crucial role in guiding his nation through these tumultuous times. As depicted in historical imagery, he personally handed flags to his troops—a symbolic gesture representing unity and loyalty towards embracing Western ideals while preserving Japanese traditions. However, not all views were supportive of this transformational journey. American cartoonist D. R Fitzpatrick captured concerns over Japan's expansionism into Asia through his piece "Piece by Piece. " It foreshadowed the second Sino-Japanese War while reflecting anxieties surrounding territorial ambitions fueled by adopting Western ways. Meanwhile, China also experienced its own clash with modernity during the Boxer Rebellion when Japanese troops burst through gates to engage their opponents head-on—an event that further highlighted how different nations grappled with similar challenges posed by globalization. The Russo-Japanese War of 1905 proved pivotal for both countries involved; it was fought fiercely until President Theodore Roosevelt's peacemaking efforts brought about an end.