Westernization Collection (page 4)

RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR, c1905. Four Japanese soldiers in the trenches near the Russian forts, Port Arthur, China, during the Russo-Japanese War. Stereograph, c1905

RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR, c1905. A Japanese field battery firing shells over the mountains into Port Arthur, China, during the Russo-Japanese War. Stereograph, c1905

JAPANESE CARTOON, c1895. A Japanese cartoon depicting a Japanese soldier extracting teeth from a Chinese man. Color woodcut by Kobayashi Kiyochika, c1895

RUSSO JAPANESE WAR, c1905. Japanese sentinels relieving Russian sentinels in an outer fort after the surrender of the Russian forces at Port Arthur, China. Stereograph, c1905

CHINA: CANTON, c1900. A steamer docked along the Chukiang River in Canton, China. Stereograph, c1900

KOREA: TOURISTS, 1920. A western family posing in front of the Pusan Station Hotel, the first western-style hotel in Seoul

KOREA: SEOUL, 1899. Streetcar in the city of Seoul, Korea, 1899

CHINA: REVOLUTION, 1911. Chinese citizens carrying their belongings as they take refuge during the revolution with guards looking on, Hankau, China. Photograph, early 20th century

CHINA: BOXER REBELLION. Chinese soldiers firing a volley from the shelter of bank, Tientsin, China. Stereograph, c1900

CHINA: BOXER REBELLION. Railroad cars destroyed by fire at the station during the battle at Tientsin, China. Stereograph, c1901

CHINA: HONG KONG, c1902. A man in a sedan chair being transported uphill by another man, with a view of homes on Mt. Gough in Hong Kong, China. Stereograph, c1902

CHINA: PEKING, c1902. Nine officers of the Japanese army posing outside a building, Peking, China. Stereograph, c1902

CHINA: TIENTSIN, c1901. The arrival of horses of the 1st Bengal Lancers, a unit of the British Indian Army, at the station in Tientsin, China, during the Boxer Rebellion. Stereograph, c1901

CHINA: PEKING, c1901. A man sitting on the ruins of a wall in Peking, China. In the background is the American Legation, damaged during the Boxer Rebellion

JAPAN: TYPHOON, c1911. The ship, Meiji Maru, washed ashore after a typhoon in Japan. Photograph, c1911

JAPAN: TYPHOON, c1911. Boats washed a mile inland at Tokyo, Japan, by a typhoon. Photograph, c1911

SINO-JAPANESE WAR, 1895. Japanese and Chinese battleships along with small boats engaged in a naval battle in a bay near a fort in China. Chinese woodcut, c1895-1900

CHINA: HONG KONG, 1896. Chinese laborers gathered on a street outside a multi-story building in Hong Kong, China. Photograph, c1896

CHINA: BOXER REBELLION. The Japanese commander, Colonel Awaya leading his troops in the attack against a Chinese walled city while British forces attack from the left

CHARLIE SOONG (1864-1918). Chinese revolutionary. Soong poses for a portrait during his time at Vanderbilt University, c1880

INDIA: WAR VETERANS, 1919. Disabled Indian veterans of World War I who have become carpenters and auto mechanics at Queen Marys Technical School in Bombay (now Mumbai), India

INDIA: CARRIAGE. Royal horse-drawn carriage. Indian painting, 19th century

INDIA: BRITISH RECEPTION. British and Indian noblemen seated next to each other. Detail from a painting of the reception for the British held by Fateh Singh, maharana of Mewar, India, 1890

INDIA: BRITISH RECEPTION. Seated at the rear of the courtyard, Maharana Fateh Singh of Mewar, India, receives a delegation of British dignitaries in 1890. Indian painting, c1890

NAGASAKI: NAVAL STATION. Japanese dockworkers on a barge and scaffolding form a bucket brigade in order to pass coal from the barge to the SS Siberia at the naval station at Nagasaki, Japan

DELHI DURBAR, c1903. George Nathaniel Curzon, Viceroy of India, saluting Indian heralds at the Delhi Durbar, c1903

KRISHNA RAJA WADIYAR IV (1884-1940). Maharaja of the state of Mysore, India, 1902-1940. Krishna seated beside his new princess at their wedding in 1900. Painting, c1900

AZTEC ARTIST, c1540. Mexican Indian artists were taught to paint in the European style by Spanish missionaries. Drawing from the Codex Florentino, c1540, compiled by Bernardino de Sahagun (1499-1590)

RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR, 1905. Japanese officer. Lithograph, c1905

JAPAN: FOREIGN SOLDIERS. Foreign soldiers (probably Russian) in Japan. Woodblock print, middle 19th century

JAPAN: WESTERN DRESS. Japanese in Western dress. Wooblock print, 1870s

JAPAN: PARLIAMENT, 1890. First meeting of the Japanese Parliament. Woodblock print, triptych, 1890, by Shosai Ginko

JAPAN: UNIFORMS, 1904-5. Japanese military uniforms during the era of the Russo-Japanese War. Woodblock print, triptych, c1904-5

TOKYO: STREET SCENE, 1889. Japanese and foreigners stroll through the Yoshiwara section of Tokyo. Woodblock print, 1889, by Inoue

JAPAN: INDUSTRIAL FAIR. Electric lights at the entrance of the Fifth Industrial Fair, Ueno Park, Tokyo. Lithograph, 1907

RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR, 1905. Kite flown at Japanese headquarters signaling the surrender of Russian forces at Port Arthur on 2 January 1905. Lithograph, 1905

RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR, 1905. Battle near the city of Mukden, Manchuria, fought from 20 February to 10 March 1905. Lithograph, Japanese, 1905

JAPAN: FOREIGNER, c1861. Foreigners representing five different countries are entertained by a magician in a Yokohama geisha house. Woodblock print, c1861

JAPAN: RUSSIAN SAILORS. Crew members of a Russian ship. Woodblock print, c1860

JAPAN: FOREIGN TRADE HOUSE. European ladies entertain Japanese at a foreign trade house in Yokohama, Japan. Woodblock print, c1860

JAPAN: RUSSIAN SHIP, c1860. Woodblock print, Japanese, c1860

JAPAN: FOREIGN VISITORS. Western visitors arrive in the black ships at Yokohama harbor. Woodblock print, 1861

JAPAN: YOKOHAMA, 1861. View of the docks at Yokohama. Woodblock print, 1861, by Ando Hiroshige

JAPAN: YOKOHAMA, 1861. View of the harbor at Yokohama. Woodblock print, 1861, by Ando Hiroshige

JAPAN: PERRY EXPEDITION. Gifts brought to Japan by the American expedition under Commoder Matthew Perry. Color drawing, Japanese, 1854

JAPAN: PERRYs OFFICERS. Officers of the fleet of Matthew Perry. From left: Perrys son, Captain Abbot, interpreters Portman and Williams, Captain Adams, and Commodore Perry

JAPAN: PERRY EXPEDITION. Two of the ships in Commodore Matthew Perrys expedition to Japan, 1852-1854. The ship at left is the USS Powhatan. Japanese paper screen, 1854, by an unknown artist

TOKYO: STREET SCENE, c1870. Woodblock print, c1870

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"Westernization: A Journey of Cultural Transformation" In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Japan found itself at a crossroads, torn between tradition and progress. The woodcut by Kiyochika Kobayashi depicts a powerful metaphor of this struggle, with a whale representing Western influence devouring three fish symbolizing Japan's sailors. It captures the impact of Western ideas on Japanese society during this transformative era. The Boxer Rebellion in 1900 marked another significant moment in Japan's path towards modernization. British and Japanese troops joined forces to confront the Boxers in Tianjin, showcasing their growing military prowess as they engaged in battle together. This collaboration reflected Japan's increasing alignment with Western powers. Ueno Park became an emblematic stage for change during the Second National Industrial Exhibition of 1881. Woodblock prints from that time vividly depict the exhibition's grandeur, highlighting technological advancements brought about by embracing Western industrial practices. These displays showcased Japan's determination to catch up with its Western counterparts. Emperor Mutsuhito played a crucial role in guiding his nation through these tumultuous times. As depicted in historical imagery, he personally handed flags to his troops—a symbolic gesture representing unity and loyalty towards embracing Western ideals while preserving Japanese traditions. However, not all views were supportive of this transformational journey. American cartoonist D. R Fitzpatrick captured concerns over Japan's expansionism into Asia through his piece "Piece by Piece. " It foreshadowed the second Sino-Japanese War while reflecting anxieties surrounding territorial ambitions fueled by adopting Western ways. Meanwhile, China also experienced its own clash with modernity during the Boxer Rebellion when Japanese troops burst through gates to engage their opponents head-on—an event that further highlighted how different nations grappled with similar challenges posed by globalization. The Russo-Japanese War of 1905 proved pivotal for both countries involved; it was fought fiercely until President Theodore Roosevelt's peacemaking efforts brought about an end.