Westernization Collection (page 7)

Native American students photographed after arriving at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Carlisle
CARLISLE SCHOOL STUDENTS. Native American students photographed after arriving at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, late 19th or early 20th century

A Japanese sumo wrestler defeats a foreign opponent in Yokohama. Woodblock print, 1861, by Ipposai Hoto
JAPAN: SUMO WRESTLING. A Japanese sumo wrestler defeats a foreign opponent in Yokohama. Woodblock print, 1861, by Ipposai Hoto

American naval officer of Commodore Matthew Perrys expedition to Japan. Paper screen, Japanese, 1854
JAPAN: PERRY EXPEDITION. American naval officer of Commodore Matthew Perrys expedition to Japan. Paper screen, Japanese, 1854

A Japanese cartoon showing Chinese military tactics. Color woodcut by Kobayashi Kiyochika, c1895
JAPANESE CARTOON, c1895. A Japanese cartoon showing Chinese military tactics. Color woodcut by Kobayashi Kiyochika, c1895

A portrait of the Meiji Emperor of Japan and his imperial family. Chromolithograph by Torajiro Kasai, c1900
JAPAN: IMPERIAL FAMILY. A portrait of the Meiji Emperor of Japan and his imperial family. Chromolithograph by Torajiro Kasai, c1900

An American family at Yokohama. Japanese woodblock print, 1861
JAPAN: AMERICANS, 1861. An American family at Yokohama. Japanese woodblock print, 1861

A cat representing a Japanese battleship is chasing two rats representing Chinese battleships into a bag
SINO-JAPANESE WAR, 1895. A cat representing a Japanese battleship is chasing two rats representing Chinese battleships into a bag. Woodcut, 1895, by Kiyochika Kobayashi

Minstrel show presented by Commodore Matthew Perry for Japanese diplomats. Color drawing, Japanese, 1854
JAPAN: MINSTREL SHOW, 1854. Minstrel show presented by Commodore Matthew Perry for Japanese diplomats. Color drawing, Japanese, 1854

American naval vessels anchored in the harbor at Uraga, Japan at the time of Commodore Matthew C. Perrys expedition
JAPAN: MATTHEW PERRY, 1854. American naval vessels anchored in the harbor at Uraga, Japan at the time of Commodore Matthew C. Perrys expedition. Color drawing, Japanese, 1854

Japanese Second Army destroying a bridge at Pu-lan-tien during the Russo-Japanese War
RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR, c1904. Japanese Second Army destroying a bridge at Pu-lan-tien during the Russo-Japanese War. Chromolithograph by Hannosuke Kuroki, c1904

A satirical Japanese cartoon depicting a giant Japanese soldier standing on top of China
SINO-JAPANESE WAR, c1895. A satirical Japanese cartoon depicting a giant Japanese soldier standing on top of China and blowing away flimsy Chinese structures

JAPAN: YOKOHAMA, c1861. An English man examining and sorting fabrics for trade in Yokohama, with a portrait on the wall possibly depicting his wife. Woodcut in colors by Sadahide Utagawa, c1861

JAPAN: CHINESE PAINTER. A Chinese man holding a paintbrush while an assistant mixes ink and a Russian military officer looks on. Woodblock print by Hiroshige Utagawa, 1860

Japanese soldiers preparing for an assault on Russian troops near Haicheng, China
RUSSO-JAPANAESE WAR, c1904. Japanese soldiers preparing for an assault on Russian troops near Haicheng, China. Possibly the battle of Hsimucheng on July 31, 1904, during the Russo-Japanese War

A French merchant with the Chinese immigrant serving as his intermediary to the Japanese at Yokohama
JAPAN: FRENCH TRADE, 1861. A French merchant with the Chinese immigrant serving as his intermediary to the Japanese at Yokohama

A Japanese woodcut depicting a Chinese man standing and talking to a Frenchman seated on a chair holding a goblet
JAPAN: FOREIGNERS, c1861. A Japanese woodcut depicting a Chinese man standing and talking to a Frenchman seated on a chair holding a goblet. Color woodcut by Utagawa Yoshiiku (Ochiai), c1861

The reception at the White House by President James Buchanan on 17 May 1860. Wood engraving
JAPANESE EMBASSY, 1860. The reception at the White House by President James Buchanan on 17 May 1860. Wood engraving

The arrival of the Japanese Embassy at the White House on 17 May 1860. Wood engraving from a contemporary American
JAPANESE EMBASSY, 1860. The arrival of the Japanese Embassy at the White House on 17 May 1860. Wood engraving from a contemporary American newspaper

The reception at the White House by President James Buchanan, 17 May 1860
BUCHANAN: AMBASSADORS. The reception at the White House by President James Buchanan, 17 May 1860, for visiting Japanese ambassadors: contemporary American engraving

RUSSIAN NAVY, c1700. Tsar Peter Is model navy, created after learning the art of shipbuilding in the Netherlands in 1697. Line engraving from Diarium Itineris in Moscovium, by Johann Georg Korb, 1700

CHEROKEE DELEGATION, 1730. The Cherokee Embassy to England. The delegation of Cherokee chiefs who visited London in 1730. Line engraving by Isaac Basire, 1730

NAVAJO DELEGATION, c1874. Navajo delegates to Washington, D. C. c1874. Front row
NAVAJO DELEGATION, c1874. Navajo delegates to Washington, D.C. c1874. Front row, left to right: Carmero Mucho; Mariana; Juanita, wife of Manuelito; Manuelito

View looking along Nanjing Donglu, Shanghais main pedestrianized shopping street, Shanghai, China, Asia

Tibetans using motorbikes instead of horses, festival, Qinghai Province, China, Asia

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"Westernization: A Journey of Cultural Transformation" In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Japan found itself at a crossroads, torn between tradition and progress. The woodcut by Kiyochika Kobayashi depicts a powerful metaphor of this struggle, with a whale representing Western influence devouring three fish symbolizing Japan's sailors. It captures the impact of Western ideas on Japanese society during this transformative era. The Boxer Rebellion in 1900 marked another significant moment in Japan's path towards modernization. British and Japanese troops joined forces to confront the Boxers in Tianjin, showcasing their growing military prowess as they engaged in battle together. This collaboration reflected Japan's increasing alignment with Western powers. Ueno Park became an emblematic stage for change during the Second National Industrial Exhibition of 1881. Woodblock prints from that time vividly depict the exhibition's grandeur, highlighting technological advancements brought about by embracing Western industrial practices. These displays showcased Japan's determination to catch up with its Western counterparts. Emperor Mutsuhito played a crucial role in guiding his nation through these tumultuous times. As depicted in historical imagery, he personally handed flags to his troops—a symbolic gesture representing unity and loyalty towards embracing Western ideals while preserving Japanese traditions. However, not all views were supportive of this transformational journey. American cartoonist D. R Fitzpatrick captured concerns over Japan's expansionism into Asia through his piece "Piece by Piece. " It foreshadowed the second Sino-Japanese War while reflecting anxieties surrounding territorial ambitions fueled by adopting Western ways. Meanwhile, China also experienced its own clash with modernity during the Boxer Rebellion when Japanese troops burst through gates to engage their opponents head-on—an event that further highlighted how different nations grappled with similar challenges posed by globalization. The Russo-Japanese War of 1905 proved pivotal for both countries involved; it was fought fiercely until President Theodore Roosevelt's peacemaking efforts brought about an end.