Westernization Collection

A whale and three fish (representing Japan) eating Russian sailors for dinner. Woodcut, c1905, by Kiyochika Kobayashi
RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR, c1905. A whale and three fish (representing Japan) eating Russian sailors for dinner. Woodcut, c1905, by Kiyochika Kobayashi

BOXER REBELLION, 1900. British and Japanese troops engaging Boxer forces in battle at Tianjin, China. Color lithograph by Torajiro Kasai, 1900

HONG KONG: PENINSULA HOTEL. Exterior of the Peninsula Hotel, on Kowloon Peninsula, Hong Kong, China. Photograph, 1929

Second national industrial exhibition at Ueno Park, 1881 (woodblock print)
5895268 Second national industrial exhibition at Ueno Park, 1881 (woodblock print) by Utagawa Hiroshige III (1842-94); Private Collection; (add.info)

Second national industrial exhibition at Ueno Park, 1881 (woodblock print)
5672310 Second national industrial exhibition at Ueno Park, 1881 (woodblock print) by Utagawa Hiroshige III (1842-94); Private Collection; (add.info)

Second national industrial exhibition at Ueno Park, 1881 (woodblock print)
5895267 Second national industrial exhibition at Ueno Park, 1881 (woodblock print) by Utagawa Hiroshige III (1842-94); Private Collection; (add.info)

His Imperial Majesty Mutsuhito, Emperor of Japan, giving the flags to his troops
REV287777 His Imperial Majesty Mutsuhito, Emperor of Japan, giving the flags to his troops, illustration from Le Petit Journal: Supplement illustre, 6th March 1904 (colour litho) by Michel, P.H.G.V

Piece by Piece. American cartoon by D. R. Fitzpatrick, 1937, on Japans expansionism in Asia
JAPAN: IMPERIALISM, 1937. Piece by Piece. American cartoon by D.R. Fitzpatrick, 1937, on Japans expansionism in Asia, which began the second Sino-Japanese War

Apache Native American children as they arrived from Fort Marion, Florida
CARLISLE SCHOOL STUDENTS. Apache Native American children as they arrived from Fort Marion, Florida, to the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania

Let Us Have Peace. An American cartoon of 1905 hailing President Theodore Roosevelts peacemaking efforts that ended
RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR, 1905. Let Us Have Peace. An American cartoon of 1905 hailing President Theodore Roosevelts peacemaking efforts that ended the Russo-Japanese War

CHINA: BOXER REBELLION. Japanese troops bursting through a gate and engaging the Boxer forces at Tianjin, China. Color lithograph by Torajiro Kasai

RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR, 1905. Battle of Tsushima, 27-28 May 1905, the last and most decisive naval action in the conflict, in which the Japanese navy destroyed a larger Russian fleet

SAIGO TAKAMORI (1827-1877). Japanese samurai. Depiction of Saigo committing seppuku during the Satsuma Rebellion; the actual circumstances of his death are unknown

JAPAN: SILK FACTORY. Silk reeling factory with women workers in Tomioka, Japan. Woodblock print, triptych, c1875, by Ichiyosai Kuniteru

EMILIO AGUINALDO (1869-1964). Filipino leader. With his mother and son at his home at Cavite, Luzon, the Philippines

EMILIO AGUINALDO (c1870-1964). Filipino leader. Photograph, n. d
EMILIO AGUINALDO (c1870-1964). Filipino leader. Photograph, n.d

Woodblock print by Omori Kakutaro
TWO JAPANESE LADIES, c1890. Woodblock print by Omori Kakutaro

CHINA: BOXER REBELLION. Russian artillery guarding the city wall of Beijing during the Boxer Rebellion in China. Stereograph, c1900

CHINA: BOXER REBELLION. U. S. soldiers sending messages via heliograph from the
CHINA: BOXER REBELLION. U.S. soldiers sending messages via heliograph from the top of the Tartar City wall at Beijing, in China, during the Boxer Rebellion. Stereograph published by Carleton H

SINGER SEWING MACHINE AD. All Nations Use Singer Sewing Machines. American lithograph advertisement, 1892, showing trade cards of people in various national costumes using Singer Sewing Machines

IRAQ: MOSUL MARKET, c1932. A market in Mosul, Iraq. Photograph, c1932

INDIA: BOMBAY. Street in Bombay (now Mumbai), India. Photograph, early 20th century

CHINA: AMERICAN WAREHOUSE. Chinese and Americans posed outside of the American Warehouse in Hankow, China. Photograph, early 20th century

HONG KONG: SUPREME COURT. An exterior view of the Supreme Court building in Hong Kong, China. Photograph, early 20th century

INDIA: ARMY INSTRUCTOR, c1942. Chinese troops receiving instructions in the laying of wire from United States Army instructor, Corporal Eyen Huey. Photograph, c1942

INDIA: CHINESE SOLDIER, c1942. Chinese soldier smiling proudly by his newly acquired weapon, a 75 pack howitzer. Photographed in c1942

INDIA: ARMY INSTRUCTORS. Chinese troops learning from the United States Army instructors how to signal by the wig-wag system. Photographed in c1942

INDIA: SOLDIERS, c1942. Chinese soldiers of the United Nations forces in India express their pleasure upon receiving a shipment of regimental drums and bugles. Photographed in c1942

CHINA: HONG KONG, c1935. A busy street in the shopping district of Victoria, Hong Kong, China. Stereograph, c1935

CHINA: CANTON, 1924. A motor bus on the streets of Canton. Photograph, 1924

CHINA: SHANGHAI, c1931. The Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation at the Bund, Shanghai, China. Stereograph, c1931

JAPAN: RED CROSS. Japanese Red Cross workers. Photographed in the early 20th century

JAPAN: RED CROSS. A Japanese Red Cross delegation en route to Europe. Photographed in the early 20th century

JAPAN: RED CROSS. Japanese Red Cross unit from China. Photographed in the early 20th century

CHINA: SHANGHAI, c1931. The busiest corner in Shanghai on Nanking and Scechuen Road, China. Stereograph, c1931

CHINA: SHANGHAI, 1931. A busy street on Foochow Road, known as the The Picadilly of China, Shanghai, China. Stereograph, c1931

CHINA: SHANGHAI. The International Post Office in Shanghai, China. Photograph, early 20th century

CHINA: SHANGHAI. The Shanghai Club and the Canadian Pacific Building in Shanghai, China. Photograph c1930

CHINA: SHANGHAI. Pedestrians walking on Nanking Road in Shanghai, China. Photograph, early 20th century

INDIA: FAMILY PORTRAIT. A Parsi wedding party in India, late 19th or early 20th century

SINGAPORE: RAFFLES HOTEL. English advertisement for the Raffles Hotel in Singapore, c1920

MANILA: HOTEL, 1925. View of the lobby of the Manila Hotel, a luxury hotel built, 1912, in Manila, the Philippines. Photograph, c1925

MANILA: HOTEL, 1925. Bellhops in the lobby of the luxury Manila Hotel, built, 1912, in Manila, the Philippines. Photograph, c1925

HOTEL MANILA, MANILA. Four postcards, c1920, of Hotel Manila, a luxury hotel, built, 1912, in Manila, the Philippines

INDIA: BOMBAY, c1922. Hospital for plague victims in Bombay (now Mumbai), India. Photograph, c1922

EGYPT: CAIRO. A view of the exterior of the Grand Continental Hotel, Cairo. Stereograph, early 20th century

YOKOHAMA EARTHQUAKE, 1923. The ruins of Yokohama, Japan, following the great earthquake of 1 September 1923

KOREA: MISSIONARY, 1920s. A foreign missionary riding a donkey and a western woman on a bicycle in the countryside, 1920s

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"Westernization: A Journey of Cultural Transformation" In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Japan found itself at a crossroads, torn between tradition and progress. The woodcut by Kiyochika Kobayashi depicts a powerful metaphor of this struggle, with a whale representing Western influence devouring three fish symbolizing Japan's sailors. It captures the impact of Western ideas on Japanese society during this transformative era. The Boxer Rebellion in 1900 marked another significant moment in Japan's path towards modernization. British and Japanese troops joined forces to confront the Boxers in Tianjin, showcasing their growing military prowess as they engaged in battle together. This collaboration reflected Japan's increasing alignment with Western powers. Ueno Park became an emblematic stage for change during the Second National Industrial Exhibition of 1881. Woodblock prints from that time vividly depict the exhibition's grandeur, highlighting technological advancements brought about by embracing Western industrial practices. These displays showcased Japan's determination to catch up with its Western counterparts. Emperor Mutsuhito played a crucial role in guiding his nation through these tumultuous times. As depicted in historical imagery, he personally handed flags to his troops—a symbolic gesture representing unity and loyalty towards embracing Western ideals while preserving Japanese traditions. However, not all views were supportive of this transformational journey. American cartoonist D. R Fitzpatrick captured concerns over Japan's expansionism into Asia through his piece "Piece by Piece. " It foreshadowed the second Sino-Japanese War while reflecting anxieties surrounding territorial ambitions fueled by adopting Western ways. Meanwhile, China also experienced its own clash with modernity during the Boxer Rebellion when Japanese troops burst through gates to engage their opponents head-on—an event that further highlighted how different nations grappled with similar challenges posed by globalization. The Russo-Japanese War of 1905 proved pivotal for both countries involved; it was fought fiercely until President Theodore Roosevelt's peacemaking efforts brought about an end.